Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 36, Shloka 10

Adhyaya 36 — Madalasa’s Final Counsel and the Renunciation of King Ritadhvaja

Sanskrit

ततः कुबलयाश्वोऽसौ सा च देवी मदालसा ।

पुत्राय दत्त्वा तद्राज्यं तपसे काननं गतौ ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ kubalayāśvo 'sau sā ca devī madālasā | putrāya dattvā tadrājyaṃ tapase kānanaṃ gatau

Translation

Pagkatapos, si Kubalayāśva at ang ginang na si Madālasā, matapos ipagkaloob ang kahariang iyon sa kanilang anak na lalaki, ay nagtungo sa gubat upang magsagawa ng mga pag-aayuno at pagninilay (austerities).

Word by Word

• tataḥ: thereafter
• tataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/अनन्तरवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• kubalayāśvaḥ: King Kubalayāśva
• kubalayāśvaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kubalayāśva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुँल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (proper noun)

• asau: that (man)
• asau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adas (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुँल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• sā: she
• sā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• devī: the queen/lady
• devī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: devī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• madālasā: Madālasā
• madālasā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madālasā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (proper noun)

• putrāya: to (their) son
• putrāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुँल्लिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन

• dattvā: having given
• dattvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund), अर्थ: ‘दत्त्वा’ (having given)

• tat-rājyam: that kingdom
• tat-rājyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (determinative): ‘तत् राज्य’ (that kingdom/that sovereignty); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• tapase: for austerity
• tapase: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tapas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (Dative/4th), एकवचन

• kānanam: to the forest
• kānanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• gatau: the two went
• gatau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त (past participle) ‘गत’; पुँल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन; दम्पत्योः (dual)

Speakers

• Narrator (continuing Jaḍa’s narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Renunciation
• Āśrama transition
• Royal succession
• Tapas

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The ideal arc presented is: fulfill worldly responsibility, transfer it appropriately, then pursue the higher aim—showing a harmonization of pravṛtti (engagement) and nivṛtti (withdrawal).

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Vaṃśānucarita, emphasizing exemplary royal conduct and life-stage dharma.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Giving the kingdom’ symbolizes relinquishing inner sovereignty over others and reclaiming sovereignty over oneself through tapas.