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Shloka 233

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

प्रयच्छन्ति तु ये राजन्‌ नोपसर्पन्ति ते समम्‌ | इसलिये तुम सभी उपायोंसे अतिथियोंको भोजन देनेका प्रयत्न करो। राजन्‌! जो लोग अतिथिको चरण धोनेके लिये जल, पैरमें मलनेके लिये तेल, उजालेके लिये दीपक, भोजनके लिये अन्न तथा रहनेके लिये स्थान देते हैं, वे कभी यमराजके यहाँ नहीं जाते

prayacchanti tu ye rājan nopasarpanti te samam | (arthānusāreṇa) atithibhyo bhojanaṃ prayaccha; ye pādyaṃ tailaṃ dīpaṃ annaṃ nivāsaṃ ca dadati te kadācana yamarājasya gṛhaṃ na yānti ||

Wika ni Mārkaṇḍeya: “O Hari, ang mga nagbibigay (sa panauhin) ay hindi napapantay ang kapalaran sa mga hindi nagbibigay. Kaya’t magsikap ka sa lahat ng paraan na mapakain ang mga panauhin. O Hari, yaong nag-aalay sa panauhin ng tubig na panghugas ng paa, langis na ipapahid sa paa, ilawan para sa liwanag, pagkain na kakainin, at lugar na matutuluyan—ang mga iyon ay hindi napaparoon sa kaharian ni Yama.”

प्रयच्छन्तिthey give / bestow
प्रयच्छन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-यम् (यच्छति)
FormLat, Present indicative, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपसर्पन्तिthey approach / come near
उपसर्पन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√सृप्
FormLat, Present indicative, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेthey (those)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समम्equally / in the same way
समम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
R
Rājan (the King addressed)
A
Atithi (guest)
Y
Yamarāja
P
pādya (water for washing feet)
T
taila (oil)
D
dīpa (lamp)
A
anna (food-grain/food)
N
nivāsa (lodging)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches atithi-dharma: actively honor and care for guests through practical offerings—water, oil, light, food, and shelter. Such hospitality is presented as a powerful source of merit that protects one from Yama’s realm (i.e., from punitive afterlife consequences).

Sage Mārkaṇḍeya instructs a king on righteous conduct, emphasizing that those who give to guests are not equal to those who neglect them, and praising concrete acts of hospitality as spiritually protective.