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Shloka 17

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

श्राद्धकाले तु यत्नेन भोक्तव्या हाजुगुप्सिता: । दुर्वर्गः कुनखी कुछी मायावी कुण्डगोलकी,श्राद्धकालमें प्रयत्त करके उत्तम ब्राह्मणोंको ही भोजन कराना चाहिये। जिनके शरीरका रंग घृणाजनक हो, नख काले पड़ गये हों, जो कोढ़ी और धूर्त हो, पिताकी जीवित-अवस्थामें ही माताके व्यभिचारसे जिनका जन्म हुआ हो अथवा जो विधवा माताके पेटसे पैदा हुए हों और जो पीठपर तरकस बाँधे क्षत्रियवृत्तिसे जीविका चलाते हों, ऐसे ब्राह्मणोंको श्राद्धमें प्रयत्नपूर्वक त्याग दे; क्योंकि उनको भोजन करानेसे श्राद्ध निन्दित हो जाता है और निन्दित श्राद्ध यजमानको उसी प्रकार नष्ट कर देता है, जैसे अग्नि काष्ठको जला डालती है

śrāddhakāle tu yatnena bhoktavyā hājugupsitāḥ | durvargaḥ kunakhī kuchī māyāvī kuṇḍagolakī ||

Wika ni Mārkaṇḍeya: “Sa panahon ng śrāddha, dapat magsikap nang maingat na pakainin lamang ang mga hindi karapat-dapat sisihin. Ang mga may hamak na asal, yaong may sakit ang mga kuko, yaong dinadapuan ng kasuklam-suklam na karamdaman, yaong mapanlinlang, at yaong may sinisisi o kinokondena ang pinagmulan—sila’y dapat iwasan sa śrāddha. Sapagkat kung ang śrāddha ay isinasagawa para sa mga tumatanggap na hindi nararapat, ito’y nagiging hinahatulang śrāddha; at ang hinahatulang śrāddha ay pumipinsala sa nagtataguyod gaya ng apoy na lumalamon sa tuyong kahoy.”

श्राद्धकालेat the time of śrāddha
श्राद्धकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
यत्नेनwith effort/carefully
यत्नेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयत्न
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भोक्तव्याःare to be fed (should be made to eat)
भोक्तव्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Gerundive (तव्यत्), Passive sense (obligatory)
हाalas/ah!
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
जुगुप्सिताःdespised/abominable
जुगुप्सिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजुगुप्सित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त), Passive
दुर्वर्णःof bad complexion
दुर्वर्णः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्वर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुनखीhaving bad/blackened nails
कुनखी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकुनखिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुष्ठीleprous
कुष्ठी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकुष्ठिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मायावीdeceitful/cunning
मायावी:
TypeAdjective
Rootमायाविन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुण्डगोलकीborn of a widow (or of illicit union while father lives), ‘kuṇḍa-golaka’ type
कुण्डगोलकी:
TypeAdjective
Rootकुण्डगोलकिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
Ś
śrāddha

Educational Q&A

Śrāddha should be performed with careful discernment regarding recipients; feeding blameworthy or improper persons is said to vitiate the rite and bring harm to the patron. The emphasis is on ritual propriety and ethical fitness of participants as understood in the text’s dharma framework.

Mārkaṇḍeya is instructing about correct śrāddha procedure, listing categories of people considered unsuitable to be invited/served, and warning that an improperly conducted śrāddha becomes ‘condemned’ and yields destructive consequences for the performer.