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Shloka 13

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

तस्मात्‌ सर्वास्ववस्थासु सर्वदानानि पार्थिव | दातव्यानि द्विजातिभ्य: स्वर्गमार्गजिगीषया,मार्कण्डेय उवाच जपैम॑न्त्रैश्न होमैश्व स्वाध्यायाध्ययनेन च । नावं वेदमयीं कृत्वा तारयन्ति तरन्ति च मार्कण्डेयजीने कहा--राजन! ब्राह्मण जप, मन्त्र (पाठ), होम, स्वाध्याय और वेदाध्ययनके द्वारा वेदमयी नौकाका निर्माण करके दूसरोंको भी तारते हैं और स्वयं भी तर जाते हैं

tasmāt sarvāsv avasthāsu sarvadānāni pārthiva | dātavyāni dvijātibhyaḥ svargamārga-jigīṣayā || japair mantraiś ca homaiś ca svādhyāyādhyayanena ca | nāvaṁ vedamayīṁ kṛtvā tārayanti taranti ca ||

Wika ni Mārkaṇḍeya: “Kaya nga, O hari, sa lahat ng kalagayan ng buhay at sa lahat ng panahon, ang sinumang nagnanais magwagi sa landas patungong langit ay dapat laging magbigay ng kaloob sa mga ‘dalawang ulit na isinilang’ (dvija). Sapagkat sa pamamagitan ng japa, ng pagbigkas ng mga mantra, ng paghahandog sa apoy (homa), ng sariling pag-aaral (svādhyāya) at pag-aaral ng Veda, hinuhubog ng mga Brāhmaṇa ang ‘bangkang yari sa Veda’; sa bangkang iyon ay tinatawid nila ang iba, at sila man ay nakakatawid din.”

तस्मात्therefore/from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
सर्वासुin all
सर्वासु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formfeminine, locative, plural
अवस्थासुconditions/states
अवस्थासु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअवस्था
Formfeminine, locative, plural
सर्वदानानिall gifts/charities
सर्वदानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वदान
Formneuter, nominative, plural
पार्थिवO king
पार्थिव:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
दातव्यानिshould be given
दातव्यानि:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive/obligative), passive sense, neuter, nominative, plural
द्विजातिभ्यःto the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजातिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
Formfeminine, dative, plural
स्वर्गमार्गजिगीषयाwith the desire to win/attain the path to heaven
स्वर्गमार्गजिगीषया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्गमार्गजिगीषा
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
मार्कण्डेयःMarkandeya
मार्कण्डेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्कण्डेय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formperfect, 3, singular, parasmaipada
जपैःby recitations
जपैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजप
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
मन्त्रैःby mantras
मन्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
होमैःby oblations (homa)
होमैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहोम
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
स्वाध्यायाध्ययनेनby self-study and study (of the Veda)
स्वाध्यायाध्ययनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्यायाध्ययन
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नावम्boat
नावम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
वेदमयीम्consisting of the Veda/formed of Veda
वेदमयीम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवेदमयी
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
कृत्वाhaving made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive)
तारयन्तिthey cause (others) to cross/save
तारयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
Formpresent, 3, plural, parasmaipada
तरन्तिthey cross
तरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
Formpresent, 3, plural, parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
P
pārthiva (the king, addressee)
D
dvijāti (twice-born, especially Brāhmaṇas)
S
svarga (heaven)
V
Veda
V
vedamayī nāvā (the Veda-made boat)

Educational Q&A

One should practice continual charity—especially toward the twice-born—as a dharmic means of attaining the heavenly path; and one should honor the Brāhmaṇas’ role as preservers of Vedic discipline, who through japa, mantra, homa, and study become a ‘Vedic boat’ that benefits both society and themselves.

Mārkaṇḍeya addresses a king and gives ethical instruction: he urges steady giving and highlights how Brāhmaṇas, by maintaining Vedic rites and learning, provide a salvific support to others while also securing their own spiritual passage.