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Shloka 40

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा शिखण्डी रथिन: प्रचिन्वन्‌ भीष्म रथेनाभियाता वरूथी । दिव्यैहयैरवमृद्नन्‌ रथौघां- स्तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,जब शिखण्डी अपने रथकी रक्षाके साधनोंसे सम्पन्न हो रथियोंको चुन-चुनकर मारता तथा दिव्य अश्वोंद्वारा रथसमूहोंको रौंदता हुआ रथारूढ़ हो भीष्मपर आक्रमण करेगा, उस समय दुर्योधनको युद्ध छिड़ जानेके कारण बड़ा पश्चात्ताप होगा

sañjaya uvāca | yadā śikhaṇḍī rathinaḥ pracinvan bhīṣma-rathenābhiyātā varūthī | divyair hayair avamṛdnan rathaughāṃs tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro ’nvatapsyat ||

Wika ni Sañjaya: Kapag si Śikhaṇḍī—na matibay ang pananggalang ng kanyang karwahe—ay sumugod laban kay Bhīṣma, pumipili at tumitibag sa mga pangunahing mandirigmang nakakarwahe, at sa pamamagitan ng mga kabayong maka-diyos ay dinudurog ang nagkakumpol na mga karwahe, kung magkagayon ang anak ni Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana) ay sasakmalin ng mapait na pagsisisi, sa sandaling ang digmaan ay tunay nang nagsimula.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
शिखण्डीShikhaṇḍī
शिखण्डी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रचिन्वन्selecting/picking out
प्रचिन्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + चि
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भीष्मम्Bhīṣma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथेनwith/by a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अभियातःhaving advanced/attacked
अभियातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + या
Formक्त (past passive participle, used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
वरूथीarmoured/protected (with defensive array)
वरूथी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवरूथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दिव्यैःwith divine
दिव्यैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
हयैःhorses
हयैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अवमृद्नन्trampling/crushing
अवमृद्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअव + मृद्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रथौघान्masses/streams of chariots
रथौघान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथौघ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra’s son (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will regret/repent
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + तप्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
शिखण्डी (Śikhaṇḍī)
भीष्म (Bhīṣma)
धार्तराष्ट्र (Dhārtarāṣṭra/Duryodhana)
रथ (chariot)
हय (horses)

Educational Q&A

Once a war is unleashed, its momentum and moral cost often exceed the instigator’s control; the verse foreshadows remorse arising from seeing revered elders and vast forces crushed by the very conflict one chose to begin.

Sañjaya predicts a battlefield moment: Śikhaṇḍī, strongly protected and mounted on a chariot, advances against Bhīṣma, cutting down chosen chariot-warriors and trampling chariot formations with divine horses; this spectacle will later cause Duryodhana deep regret as the war’s reality unfolds.