Shloka 50

उद्योगपर्व (अध्याय १२९) — केशवस्य वैभवप्रदर्शनम् / Krishna’s Theophanic Display in the Kuru Assembly

Devanagari script

एकार्णवे च स्वपता निहतौ मधुकैटभौ । जन्मान्तरमुपागम्य हयग्रीवस्तथा हत:

Transliteration

ekārṇave ca svapatā nihatāu madhukaiṭabhau | janmāntaram upāgamya hayagrīvas tathā hataḥ ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Vidura: “Sa iisang karagatang kosmiko, habang ang (Panginoon) ay nakahimlay sa yogic na pagtulog, napatay sina Madhu at Kaiṭabha. At pagkaraan, sa pagkuha niya ng panibagong kapanganakan, napatay rin si Hayagrīva.” Ang diwa: kahit gaano kalakas ang isang nilalang na umangat dahil sa lakas o pagkakataon, hahantong pa rin sa pagkapuksa kapag sumalungat sa banal na kaayusan; ang lakas na walang dharma ay hindi nagtitiyak ng pangmatagalang tagumpay.

Word by Word

• एक: in one
• एक: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• अर्णवे: ocean
• अर्णवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्णव
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• स्वपता: while sleeping / by (him) sleeping
• स्वपता: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वप्
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• निहतौ: were slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• मधु: Madhu (name)
• मधु: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• कैटभौ: Kaiṭabha (name)
• कैटभौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैटभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• जन्म: birth
• जन्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अन्तरम्: another (interval/one) (i.e., another birth)
• अन्तरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपागम्य: having attained/entered
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-गम्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage), true

• हयग्रीवः: Hayagrīva
• हयग्रीवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हयग्रीव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• हतः: was slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• Madhu
• Kaiṭabha
• Hayagrīva
• Ekārṇava (the single cosmic ocean)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vidura uses mythic examples to show that adharma and arrogance are ultimately self-defeating: even powerful adversaries are destroyed when they stand against the sustaining order (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vidura cites two well-known demon figures—Madhu-Kaiṭabha and Hayagrīva—saying they were slain even under extraordinary circumstances, to warn that power and advantage do not protect those who act against righteousness.