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Shloka 53

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

अतपास्तप आत्मानमगतिग्गतिमात्मन: । अभवो भवमात्मानमभयो भयमात्मन:

atapās tapa ātmānam agatiṁ gatim ātmanaḥ | abhavo bhavam ātmānam abhayo bhayam ātmanaḥ ||

Wika ni Vasiṣṭha: “Bagaman hindi siya nagsasagawa ng pag-aayuno at pagdurusa (tapas), iniisip niyang siya’y isang asceta; bagaman hindi siya tunay na pumupunta saanman, inaakala niyang siya’y manlalakbay. Bagaman malaya sa makamundong pag-iral (bhava), iniisip niyang siya’y nakagapos sa mundo; bagaman walang takot, naniniwala siyang siya’y natatakot. Itinuturo nito ang kapangyarihan ng isip na magkamaling kilalanin ang Sarili—magpataw ng mga katangiang hindi naman sa kanya—at sa gayon ay lumikha ng di-kailangang pagkaalipin at pagdurusa sa pamamagitan ng huwad na pagtingin sa sarili.”

अतपाःone who does not perform austerity (non-ascetic)
अतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-तपस् (प्रातिपदिक: अतपाः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अगतिम्non-going, lack of movement
अगतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-गति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्going, movement
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अभवःnon-existence; being without worldly becoming
अभवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-भव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवम्worldly existence, becoming
भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभयःfearless
अभयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that bondage often arises from misidentification: the mind attributes to the Self qualities it does not possess (austerity/non-austerity, motion/non-motion, worldly becoming/non-becoming, fearlessness/fear). Ethical clarity and liberation begin by seeing through these false self-notions.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing his listener in a reflective, renunciatory discourse typical of the Śānti Parva: he diagnoses the inner error by which a person superimposes contradictory states upon the Self, thereby sustaining confusion and suffering.