Shloka 13
Adhyātma–Adhibhūta–Adhidaivata Correspondences and the Triguṇa Lakṣaṇas (Śānti-parva 301)
ज्ञानयोगे च ये दोषा गुणा योगे च ये नृप । सांख्यज्ञाने च ये दोषास्तथैव च गुणा नृप
bhīṣma uvāca |
jñānayoge ca ye doṣā guṇā yoge ca ye nṛpa |
sāṅkhyajñāne ca ye doṣās tathaiva ca guṇā nṛpa ||
Wika ni Bhīṣma: “O hari, ang mga kapintasan at mga kahusayan na nauukol sa disiplina ng Yoga ng kaalaman, ang mga kapintasan at kahusayan na nauukol sa Yoga, at gayundin ang mga kapintasan at kahusayan na nauukol sa kaalamang Sāṅkhya—ang mga ito rin, O hari, ay dapat maunawaan at maihiwalay. Sa pagkilala sa lakas at hangganan ng bawat landas, naiiwasan ang pagkalito at nakasusulong nang malinaw tungo sa paglaya.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhishma emphasizes discernment: each spiritual discipline—Jnana-yoga, Yoga, and Sāṅkhya-knowledge—has its own merits (guṇa) and limitations (doṣa). A seeker should understand these clearly to choose and practice a path without confusion, thereby progressing steadily toward liberation.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction to the king (Yudhishthira), Bhishma continues his systematic teaching on liberation-oriented disciplines. Here he signals a comparative evaluation of major soteriological paths—Jnana-yoga, Yoga, and Sāṅkhya—framing the discussion in terms of their respective strengths and weaknesses.