Shloka 19

Śakra–Namuci-saṃvāda: Śoka-nivāraṇa and Daiva-vicāra

Indra and Namuci on grief, composure, and inevitability

Devanagari script

तस्य मार्गोडयमद्दैध: सर्वत्यागस्य दर्शित: । विप्रहाणाय दुःखस्य दुर्गतिस्त्वन्यथा भवेत्‌

Transliteration

tasya mārgo 'yam adaidhaḥ sarvatyāgasya darśitaḥ | viprahāṇāya duḥkhasya durgatis tv anyathā bhavet ||

Translation

Ito ang di-natitinag na landas na itinuro para sa ganap na pagtalikod sa lahat. Ipinahahayag na ito ang pinakamainam na paraan upang maihagis ang dalamhati; datapwat ang kumikilos nang salungat dito, sinasabing susundan ng abang kapalaran.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of that/its
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• मार्गः: path/way
• मार्गः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उदयम्: rise/appearance; (here) manifestation
• उदयम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अद्दैधः: without duplicity; non-deceptive (reading uncertain)
• अद्दैधः: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अद्दैध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वत्यागस्य: of total renunciation
• सर्वत्यागस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वत्याग
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• दर्शितः: shown/indicated
• दर्शितः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: kta (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विप्रहाणाय: for the complete abandonment
• विप्रहाणाय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्रहाण
• Form: Neuter, Dative, Singular

• दुःखस्य: of sorrow/suffering
• दुःखस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• दुर्गतिः: bad fate/ruin
• दुर्गतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्गति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but/however
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• अन्यथा: otherwise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा

• भवेत्: would be/may occur
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma teaches that firm, total renunciation (especially of attachment and possessiveness) is the sure path for abandoning suffering; acting contrary to this discipline leads to downfall (durgati).

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira, emphasizing renunciation as a decisive spiritual method and warning of negative consequences for those who reject it.