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Shloka 40

त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma

Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123

विभज्य दण्ड: कर्तव्यो धर्मेण न यदृच्छया । दुष्टानां निग्रहो दण्डो हिरण्यं बाह्मुत: क्रिया

vibhajya daṇḍaḥ kartavyo dharmeṇa na yadṛcchayā | duṣṭānāṃ nigraho daṇḍo hiraṇyaṃ bāhmuṭaḥ kriyā ||

Wika ni Vasuharoma: “Ang parusa ay dapat itakda matapos ang wastong pagninilay at ayon sa Dharma, hindi sa kapritso. Ang tunay na layon ng daṇḍa ay ang pagpigil at pagsupil sa masasama; hindi ito upang punuin ang kabang-yaman sa pamamagitan ng pagkuha ng ginto. Ang pagkuha ng salapi bilang multa ay panlabas at pangalawang bahagi lamang.”

विभज्यhaving apportioned / after discriminating
विभज्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भज्
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि, —, —, —
दण्डःpunishment
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्तव्यःto be done / should be imposed
कर्तव्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृ
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मेणby/according to dharma (justice)
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यदृच्छयाby whim / arbitrarily
यदृच्छया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयदृच्छा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
दुष्टानाम्of the wicked
दुष्टानाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निग्रहःrestraint / suppression
निग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डःpunishment
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिरण्यम्gold / money
हिरण्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहिरण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बहुमतःfrom (mere) high regard / from being highly valued
बहुमतः:
Apadana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुमत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
क्रियाan act / practice
क्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

वसुहरोम उवाच

वसुहरोम (Vasuharoma)
दण्ड (punishment/rod of governance)
धर्म (dharma)
हिरण्य (gold/wealth)

Educational Q&A

Punishment must be proportionate and grounded in dharma; its primary aim is to restrain and reform wrongdoers, not to raise revenue through fines.

In the Shanti Parva’s discourse on righteous governance, Vasuharoma explains the proper principle of daṇḍa (punishment): it should be administered judiciously and for moral order, with monetary collection treated as only a secondary byproduct.