Shloka 9

Dehānta (Cyavana) and Upapatti: Kāśyapa’s Questions and the Siddha’s Account of Death, Pain, and Karmic Re-embodiment

Devanagari script

यदायमतिकष्टानि सर्वाण्युपनिषेवते । अत्यर्थमपि वा भुड्क्ते न वा भुड्क्ते कदाचन

Transliteration

yadāyam atikaṣṭāni sarvāṇy upaniṣevate | atyartham api vā bhuṅkte na vā bhuṅkte kadācana ||

Translation

Sinabi ng Siddha: “Kapag ang taong ito ay nakagawian nang lumapit sa lahat ng bagay na labis na nakapipinsala, nagiging pabagu-bago ang kanyang asal—minsan ay sobra kung kumain, at minsan nama’y hindi kumakain kailanman.”

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा

• अयम्: this (man), he
• अयम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अतिकष्टानि: very painful/harmful (things)
• अतिकष्टानि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतिकष्ट
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वाणि: all
• सर्वाणि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• उपनिषेवते: resorts to, indulges in, uses
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-नि-सेव्
• Form: Present (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• अत्यर्थम्: excessively, too much
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यर्थम्

• अपि: even/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• भुङ्क्ते: eats, consumes
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: Present (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• भुङ्क्ते: eats, consumes
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: Present (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

• कदाचन: ever, at any time
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कदाचन

Speaker

सिद्ध उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Siddha
• a certain man/person (ayam)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical necessity of moderation and steadiness: indulging in what is harmful and swinging between overeating and fasting reflects loss of self-governance and undermines disciplined life.

What is happening in the narrative?

A Siddha is describing a person’s destabilized behavior—seeking out harmful extremes and showing inconsistency in eating—likely as part of a broader instruction on proper conduct and restraint.