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Agni Purana — Ayurveda, Shloka 65

अश्ववाहनसारः

Aśvavāhana-sāra) — Essentials of Horses as Mounts (and Horse-Treatment

शूद्रो ऽशुचिश् चलो मन्दो विरूपो विमतिः खलः वल्गया धार्यमाणो ऽश्वो लालकं यश् च दर्शयेत्

śūdro 'śuciś calo mando virūpo vimatiḥ khalaḥ valgayā dhāryamāṇo 'śvo lālakaṃ yaś ca darśayet

Ang isang Śūdra—kung marumi, pabagu-bago, mapurol, pangit ang anyo, baluktot ang paghatol, at mapanira—gayundin ang kabayong kailangang pigilan ng renda, at alinmang kabayong naglalaway sa bibig—ay dapat maunawaang mga di-mabuting palatandaan.

śūdraḥa Śūdra (low-caste person)
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative, 1st), Ekavacana (Singular)
aśuciḥimpure
aśuciḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण/Subject qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśuci (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa (adjective) qualifying śūdraḥ
calaḥrestless, fickle
calaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
mandaḥdull, slow
mandaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmanda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
virūpaḥdeformed, ugly
virūpaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi-rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa
vimatiḥbad intellect, wrong-mindedness
vimatiḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-सम्बन्ध/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootvi-mati (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine), Prathamā, Ekavacana; bhāva-vācaka (abstract noun) used predicatively
khalaḥa rogue, wicked person
khalaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-सम्बन्ध/Predicate noun)
TypeNoun
Rootkhala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; predicative noun
valgayāwith a rein/bridle
valgayā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootvalgā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana
dhāryamāṇaḥbeing held/controlled
dhāryamāṇaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdhṛ (धातु) + śānac (शानच्) (Kṛdanta)
FormVartamāna-kāla (present) karmaṇi (passive) participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of aśvaḥ
aśvaḥhorse
aśvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootaśva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
lālakamsaliva/foam (dribbling)
lālakam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootlālaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter), Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative, 2nd), Ekavacana
yaḥwho/which
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (pronoun); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun referring to aśvaḥ
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta (conjunction/particle)
darśayetshould show, would display
darśayet:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (Optative/Potential), Parasmaipada; Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana; causative sense possible in usage (to show)

Lord Agni (in dialogue to Sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Arthashastra","secondary_vidya":"Samanya","practical_application":"Reading inauspicious omens in persons and horses for royal travel, purchase, deployment, and court decisions; avoiding bad portents in statecraft.","sutra_style":true}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Aśubha-śakuna: Inauspicious signs in a Śūdra and in horses (reins/slavering)","lookup_keywords":["śakuna","aśubha-lakṣaṇa","aśva-lakṣaṇa","lālaka (slavering)","pragraha (reins)"],"quick_summary":"Certain behavioral/physical traits are treated as inauspicious omens; a horse needing constant restraint or showing mouth-slaver is a bad sign for acquisition or undertaking."}

Concept: Rājadharma uses śakuna (omens) as a prudential tool to avert harm and preserve order.

Application: Before journeys, purchases, or deployments, screen for adverse signs and postpone/replace agents or animals.

Khanda Section: Shakuna-vidya (Omens and Physiognomy) / Rajadharma-Upanga

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A royal stable/court scene where an attendant restrains a restless horse with tight reins while the horse slavering at the mouth is pointed out as an inauspicious sign; an omen-reader advises the king.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala temple mural style, flat bold colors, stylized king and omen-reader in court, restless horse with foamy mouth held by groom, palm-leaf manuscript, auspicious/inauspicious motifs, traditional ornaments","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, gold-leaf highlights on royal throne and ornaments, groom holding reins of a foaming horse, sage-like śakuna-śāstrin gesturing warning, rich red/green background, temple-lamp details","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, delicate linework, instructional stable scene, labeled reins and mouth-slaver sign, calm advisor explaining to prince, muted palette with fine shading","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, detailed court and stable architecture, naturalistic horse with visible saliva, attendants restraining with reins, astrologer/omen-reader presenting counsel, intricate textiles and borders"}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: ऽ = avagraha: śūdro + aśuciḥ; dhāryamāṇaḥ + aśvaḥ. aśuciś = aśuciḥ (visarga before c). yaś = yaḥ (visarga before c).

Related Themes: Agni Purana 287 (Śakuna-vidyā / Rājadharma-upāṅga); Agni Purana 287-288 (transition to Aśva-lakṣaṇa/Śālihotra)

A
Agni
V
Vasiṣṭha
Ś
Śūdra
A
Aśva (horse)

FAQs

It teaches shakuna-vidyā: identifying inauspicious indicators from a person’s observable traits and from a horse’s behavior (needing constant restraint, frothing/slavering), useful for decisions like travel, purchase, or royal expeditions.

Beyond theology, the Agni Purana compiles applied knowledge for governance and daily life; this verse exemplifies its catalog of predictive signs (human/animal lakṣaṇas) used in statecraft, commerce, and planning.

It frames prudence as dharmic conduct: avoiding inauspicious circumstances helps prevent harm and unfavorable outcomes, aligning action with orderly, auspicious timing and conditions.