Varaha Purana 126.18: Adhyaya 126, Shloka 18

The Greatness of Kubjāmraka: Raibhya’s Boon and the Teaching on the Sacred Tīrthas

Devanagari script

ततो रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामुदिते च दिवाकरे ॥ कृतोदकस्तु गङ्गायां क्षौमवस्त्रविभूषितः ॥

Sanskrit recitationVaraha Purana 126.18

Transliteration

tato rātryāṃ vyatītāyām udite ca divākare || kṛtodakas tu gaṅgāyāṃ kṣaumavastra-vibhūṣitaḥ ||

Translation

ครั้นเมื่อราตรีล่วงไปและพระอาทิตย์ขึ้นแล้ว เขาได้ประกอบพิธีชำระด้วยน้ำในแม่น้ำคงคา และนุ่งห่มผ้าลินิน (กษৌม) อย่างงดงาม

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Word by Word

• tataḥ: then/thereafter
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय/तद्-प्रभव)
• Form: Adverb (देश/कालवाचक अव्यय)

• rātryām: in the night
• rātryām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rātri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular

• vyatītāyām: having passed
• vyatītāyām: Sattva-saptamī (सत्त्वसप्तमी/Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-ati√i (धातु) + ktā (क्ता)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त/क्ता), Feminine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular; in locative absolute with rātryām

• udite: having risen
• udite: Sattva-saptamī (सत्त्वसप्तमी/Locative absolute)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ud√i (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle, Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular; with divākare in locative absolute

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• divākare: in the sun (when the sun had risen)
• divākare: Sattva-saptamī (सत्त्वसप्तमी/Locative absolute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divākara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular; compound: diva (day) + ākara (maker)

• kṛta-udakaḥ: having performed ablution
• kṛta-udakaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृ√) + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; compound meaning 'one who has performed water-rite/ablution' (कृतोदक = कृतं उदकं येन)

• tu: indeed
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasis

• gaṅgāyām: in the Ganges
• gaṅgāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṅgā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative (सप्तमी), Singular

• kṣauma-vastra-vibhūṣitaḥ: adorned with linen garments
• kṣauma-vastra-vibhūṣitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṣauma (प्रातिपदिक) + vastra (प्रातिपदिक) + vi√bhūṣ (धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular; compound: kṣauma-vastra (linen garment) + vibhūṣita (adorned)

Speaker

Varāha

Varaha Avatara Context

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":false}

Bhu Devi Dialogue

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":true,"speaker_role":"instructor","bhu_devi_state":"attentive, receptive; being addressed as the witness of tīrtha/dharma narrative","key_question":"Implicit: how proper morning rites (snāna/udaka-kriyā) at a sacred river should be performed and why it matters."}

Mathura Mandala

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false,"specific_site":"Gaṅgā (river)"}

Dharma Shastra

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":true,"instruction_summary":"At sunrise, one should perform the prescribed water-rite (kṛtodaka) by bathing/ācamana in a sacred river, wearing clean/simple garments (kṣauma).","karmic_consequence":"Purifies the performer and makes subsequent worship/rites efficacious; neglect implies ritual impurity and diminished fruit."}

Vrata Mahatmya

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false}

Philosophical Teaching

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"ācāra (right conduct)","core_concept":"Outer purity and timely discipline support inner steadiness in devotion and ethics.","practical_application":"Begin the day with regulated purification (snāna/ācamana), then proceed to worship and duties with a sattvic mind."}

Subject Matter

Subject Matter: ["Ethics","Heritage Sites"]

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: śānta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Geographic Context

Type: river/tīrtha

Cross References

Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 126 (tīrtha/ācāra narrative sequence around worship and conduct)

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"At sunrise on the Gaṅgā, a devotee completes water-rites, wearing clean linen, with a calm sacred-river atmosphere.","item_prompts":["rising sun on horizon","Gaṅgā flowing with gentle ripples","devotee performing ācamana/udaka-kriyā with cupped hands","white/cream linen garments (kṣauma)","riverbank steps or sandy shore","water pot (kamaṇḍalu)"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: warm ochres and greens, stylized river waves, devotee in pale kṣauma, glowing dawn disc, serene devotional mood.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore style: gold-leaf sunrise halo, ornate riverbank frame, devotee with minimal jewelry, emphasized purity and auspiciousness.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore style: delicate linework, soft gradients for dawn, detailed textile folds of linen, tranquil river reflections.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari style: cool dawn palette, layered hills/trees near river, intimate scale devotee at water’s edge, lyrical calm."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"quietly auspicious, purificatory","suggested_raga":"Bhairav","pace":"slow","voice_tone":"clear, restrained, morning-rite solemnity"}

Tags

• Classical Literature
• Vaishnavism
• Ecological Ethics

FAQs

What is the historical significance of this verse?

It documents a standard Purāṇic pattern of dawn ritual discipline (snāna/udaka-kriyā) associated with major rivers, relevant for reconstructing ritual culture in early Sanskrit traditions.

Which geographic location is identified?

The Gaṅgā river, a central cultural and historical waterway in North India, frequently referenced in Purāṇic pilgrimage and ritual contexts.

What is the primary ethical instruction?

The emphasis is on disciplined, orderly conduct—performing rites at an appropriate time and place—suggesting ideals of personal restraint and ritual cleanliness.