न स्वभावात्सहस्राक्ष कथंचिदपि देहिनाम् । यास्यंति म्लेच्छभावं च सर्वे वर्णा द्विजातयः
na svabhāvātsahasrākṣa kathaṃcidapi dehinām | yāsyaṃti mlecchabhāvaṃ ca sarve varṇā dvijātayaḥ
โอ้สหัสรाक्षะ (พระอินทร์) มิใช่ด้วยสันดานเดิมล้วน ๆ; แต่ด้วยเหตุใดเหตุหนึ่ง สรรพสัตว์ผู้มีร่างกาย—ทุกวรรณะ แม้ทวิชะ—จักไหลไปสู่สภาพดุจมเลจฉะ
Unknown (addressing Indra, “Sahasrākṣa”; speaker not explicit in the snippet)
Listener: Sahasrākṣa (Indra)
Scene: Indra seated in Svarga listening to a seer’s warning; below, a panorama of society where even learned twice-born drift into coarse habits; a visual contrast between celestial order and earthly confusion.
Dharma can erode across all social groups when conduct declines; spiritual vigilance is required regardless of birth or status.
No specific tīrtha is named; the verse is part of a general Kali-yuga portrayal within a tīrtha-mahātmya chapter.
None explicitly; it is a prognostic statement about decline in conduct.