Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 63

Devanagari script

एतत्तव समाख्यातं युगं द्वापरसंज्ञकम् । मया सर्वं सुराधीश यथादृष्टं यथा श्रुतम्

Transliteration

etattava samākhyātaṃ yugaṃ dvāparasaṃjñakam | mayā sarvaṃ surādhīśa yathādṛṣṭaṃ yathā śrutam

Translation

ดังนี้เราได้อธิบายแก่ท่านถึงยุคที่เรียกว่า ทวาปร โอ้จอมเทพผู้เป็นใหญ่ เราได้เล่าทั้งหมดตามที่เราได้เห็น และตามที่ได้สดับจากจารีตอันศักดิ์สิทธิ์

Word by Word

• etat: this
• etat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचनम् (singular)

• tava: to you; of you
• tava: Sampradana/Sambandha (To you/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचनम् (singular); सर्वलिङ्ग (genitive of ‘you’)

• samākhyātam: has been explained
• samākhyātam: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-khyā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गः, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘कथितम्’

• yugam: age; yuga
• yugam: Karma/Apposition (Object/समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचनम् (singular)

• dvāpara-saṃjñakam: named ‘Dvāpara’
• dvāpara-saṃjñakam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvāpara + saṃjñaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचनम् (singular); विशेषणम् yugaṃ इति

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचनम् (singular)

• sarvam: everything
• sarvam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचनम् (singular)

• surādhīśa: O lord of gods
• surādhīśa: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sura-adhīśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः (masculine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचनम् (singular)

• yathā-dṛṣṭam: as seen
• yathā-dṛṣṭam: Prakaraṇa (Manner/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय) + dṛś (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समासः; ‘यथा’ उपपदपूर्वकं क्तान्तं, अव्ययवत् (adverbial: ‘as seen’)

• yathā: as
• yathā: Prakaraṇa (Manner/प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारवाचक (comparative/‘as’)

• śrutam: heard
• śrutam: Prakaraṇa (Manner/प्रकार)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्गः, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; ‘श्रुतम्’ = heard

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (within Nāgarakhaṇḍa Tīrthamāhātmya dialogue context)

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: surādhīśa (lord of the gods—likely Indra)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A sage-narrator raises a hand in concluding gesture before a seated divine listener; behind them, two streams of light labeled ‘dṛṣṭa’ and ‘śruta’ merge into a single river of teaching.

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Puranic teaching is presented as faithfully transmitted tradition—what is seen and what is heard from authoritative sources.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific site is named; it serves as a transition in the yuga discussion within the tīrtha-māhātmya frame.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None directly; the verse concludes the Dvāpara account and prepares for the next yuga’s description.