Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 74

Devanagari script

उत्ससृजुर्गवां मध्ये तं देवैर्गोपितं तदा । ततो देवगणाः सर्वे महर्षीणां गणाः पुनः । स्वानि स्थानानि ते जग्मुर्मुनयो वीतमत्सराः

Transliteration

utsasṛjurgavāṃ madhye taṃ devairgopitaṃ tadā | tato devagaṇāḥ sarve maharṣīṇāṃ gaṇāḥ punaḥ | svāni sthānāni te jagmurmunayo vītamatsarāḥ

Translation

แล้วพวกเขาปล่อยเขาเข้าไปท่ามกลางฝูงโค ขณะนั้นเหล่าเทวะคุ้มครองเขาไว้ ต่อมา หมู่เทวะทั้งปวงและหมู่มหาฤษีทั้งหลายก็กลับสู่สถานของตน—เหล่ามุนีผู้ปราศจากริษยา

Word by Word

• utsasṛjuḥ: they released/let go
• utsasṛjuḥ: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-sṛj (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd person), बहुवचनम् (plural)

• gavām: of the cows
• gavām: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: go (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (common usage), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचनम् (plural)

• madhye: in the midst
• madhye: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचनम् (singular)

• tam: him/that one
• tam: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचनम् (singular)

• devaiḥ: by the gods
• devaiḥ: Karta (Agent in passive/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचनम् (plural)

• gopitam: protected/guarded
• gopitam: Karman (Object-qualified/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gup (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचनम्; कर्मणि प्रयोगे विशेषणम् (qualifying 'tam')

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• tataḥ: thereupon/from there
• tataḥ: Kāla/Apādāna (Sequence/Source)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अपादान/क्रमसूचक (from there/thereupon)

• devagaṇāḥ: groups of gods
• devagaṇāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (devasya gaṇaḥ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचनम्

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying devagaṇāḥ)

• maharṣīṇām: of the great sages
• maharṣīṇām: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maharṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचनम्

• gaṇāḥ: groups
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्

• punaḥ: again
• punaḥ: Kāla (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरावृत्ति/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय (again/once more)

• svāni: their own
• svāni: Karman (Object-qualifier/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying sthānāni)

• sthānāni: places/abodes
• sthānāni: Karman (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sthāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचनम्

• te: they
• te: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचनम्

• jagmuḥ: went
• jagmuḥ: Kriyā (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्

• munayaḥ: sages
• munayaḥ: Karta (Subject-apposition/कर्तृसमनाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; अपपद-सम्बोधन/समुच्चयार्थे (in apposition to te)

• vītamatsarāḥ: free from envy
• vītamatsarāḥ: Karta (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √vī/vi-ita) + matsara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहिः (yeṣāṃ matsaraḥ vītaḥ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying munayaḥ/te)

Speaker

Narrator (contextual Purāṇic narration within Tīrtha-māhātmya; exact speaker not explicit in the snippet)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A marked bull is released into a herd of cows; unseen yet suggested, devas guard it. In the sky/upper register, groups of gods and great sages depart peacefully to their abodes, serene and free of envy.

Characters & Entities

• deva-gaṇa
• maharṣi
• gāvaḥ (cows)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Divine order is restored: the gods protect what is sacred, sages depart without rivalry, and dharmic harmony prevails.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse sits within a Reva/Śālagrāma-linked tīrtha-māhātmya sequence, but it does not explicitly name the tīrtha in this line.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None explicitly; it narrates protection and release among cows, resonant with go-sevā and sanctity themes.