Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 36
Devanagari script
खरवाह्युष्ट्रवाही हयवाही तथैव च । गोपाल इष्टिकाकारो अधमाधमपञ्चकम्
Transliteration
kharavāhyuṣṭravāhī hayavāhī tathaiva ca | gopāla iṣṭikākāro adhamādhamapañcakam
Translation
คนขับลา คนขับอูฐ และคนขับม้า; เช่นเดียวกับโคบาล (ผู้เลี้ยงวัว) และคนทำอิฐ—ทั้งห้านี้ถูกพรรณนาว่าเป็น ‘ต่ำสุดในหมู่ต่ำสุด’
Word by Word
खरवाहीdonkey-driver / one who carries (loads) on a donkey
खरवाही:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootखर (प्रातिपदिक) + वाहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; खरं वहति इति (खर-वाहिन्)
उष्ट्रवाहीcamel-driver / camel-carrier
उष्ट्रवाही:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक) + वाहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; उष्ट्रं वहति इति
हयवाहीhorse-driver / horse-carrier
हयवाही:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहय (प्रातिपदिक) + वाहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; हयं वहति इति
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
एवindeed; just
एव:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphatic particle)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)
गोपालःcowherd
गोपालः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
इष्टिकाकारःbrick-maker
इष्टिकाकारः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टिका (प्रातिपदिक) + कार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; इष्टिकां करोति/निर्माति इति
अधमाधमपञ्चकम्the five lowest (group of five)
अधमाधमपञ्चकम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootअधम (प्रातिपदिक) + अधम (प्रातिपदिक) + पञ्चक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; ‘अधमानाम् अधमं पञ्चकम्’ इति (five of the lowest)
Speaker
Unspecified (Nāgarakhaṇḍa narrative voice within Tīrthamāhātmya)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A pilgrimage road approaching a sacred town: donkey, camel, and horse drivers leading animals; a cowherd with herd; brick-maker stacking sun-dried bricks—shown at the outskirts beyond a temple boundary marker.
FAQs
It continues a socio-occupational classification used in the chapter’s broader discourse.
No tīrtha is mentioned in this verse.
None.