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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 1

Devanagari script

भर्तृयज्ञ उवाच । यतः सपिंडता प्रोक्ता पितृपिण्डैः समंततः । यावत्सपिण्डता नैव तावत्प्रेतः स तिष्ठति

Transliteration

bhartṛyajña uvāca | yataḥ sapiṃḍatā proktā pitṛpiṇḍaiḥ samaṃtataḥ | yāvatsapiṇḍatā naiva tāvatpretaḥ sa tiṣṭhati

Translation

ภรตฤยัชญะกล่าวว่า: เพราะ “สปิณฑตา” ได้ประกาศว่าเป็นการรวมเข้ากับปิณฑะของบรรพชนโดยรอบทุกทิศ ตราบใดที่สปิณฑตายังไม่บังเกิด ผู้นั้นย่อมคงอยู่ในภาวะเปรต

Word by Word
भर्तृयज्ञःBhartṛyajña (name)
भर्तृयज्ञः:
Karta (Speaker/वक्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक) + यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (भर्तुः यज्ञः/भर्तृयज्ञ-नाम), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — nominative singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्सभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — ‘said’
यतःbecause/since
यतः:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतस् (अव्यय)
Formहेतुवाचक अव्यय (causal adverb)
सपिण्डताsapiṇḍatā (kinship/unity by piṇḍa offering)
सपिण्डता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह) + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + ता (तद्धित)
Formतत्पुरुष (सपिण्डः) + ता-प्रत्यय (भाववाचक), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — nominative singular
प्रोक्ताis declared/taught
प्रोक्ता:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच् (धातु) + प्रोक्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — passive participle used predicatively; ‘has been declared’
पितृपिण्डैःby/with the ancestral piṇḍas
पितृपिण्डैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (पितॄणां पिण्डाः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन — instrumental plural
समन्ततःon all sides/entirely
समन्ततः:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of extent)
यावत्as long as
यावत्:
Temporal limit (अवधि)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय)
Formपरिमाण/अवधिवाचक अव्यय (correlative ‘as long as’)
सपिण्डताsapiṇḍatā
सपिण्डता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह) + पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + ता (तद्धित)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — nominative singular
नnot
न:
Negation (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
एवindeed/at all
एव:
Emphasis (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)
तावत्so long
तावत्:
Temporal correlate (अवधि)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत् (अव्यय)
Formपरिमाण/अवधिवाचक अव्यय (correlative ‘so long/that long’)
प्रेतःthe departed spirit (preta)
प्रेतः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रेत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — nominative singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — nominative singular
तिष्ठतिremains
तिष्ठति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — ‘stands/remains’
Speaker

Bhartṛyajña

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A sage explains to a king/region-personified listener the liminal state of a preta and the moment of joining with ancestral piṇḍas; subtle imagery of three generations of pitṛs receiving offerings while a solitary preta waits outside the ancestral circle.

Characters & Entities
B
Bhartṛyajña
S
Sapiṇḍatā
P
Pitṛ-piṇḍa
P
Preta

FAQs

Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is portrayed as spiritually transformative: it completes the deceased’s transition from preta-status into the ancestral community.

The discourse occurs within the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra-māhātmya narrative frame, though the verse itself is doctrinal about rites.

It underscores the necessity of sapiṇḍatā/sapiṇḍīkaraṇa for ending the preta condition.

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