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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 1

Devanagari script

भर्तृयज्ञ उवाच । येषां च शस्त्रमृत्युः स्यादपमृत्युरथापि वा । उपसर्गान्मृतानां च विषमृत्युमुपेयुषाम्

Transliteration

bhartṛyajña uvāca | yeṣāṃ ca śastramṛtyuḥ syādapamṛtyurathāpi vā | upasargānmṛtānāṃ ca viṣamṛtyumupeyuṣām

Translation

ภรรตฤยัชญะกล่าวว่า: “สำหรับผู้ที่ตายด้วยอาวุธ หรือถึงมรณกรรมก่อนกาล; สำหรับผู้ที่สิ้นชีวิตเพราะอุปสรรคภัยพิบัติ; และสำหรับผู้ที่ถึงความตายด้วยพิษ—”

Word by Word
bhartṛyajñaḥBhartṛyajña
bhartṛyajñaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhartṛ-yajña (प्रातिपदिक; भर्तृ + यज्ञ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; वक्ता (speaker)
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
yeṣāmof whom/whose
yeṣām:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक; यद्-प्रोनाउन)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction): समुच्चय
śastra-mṛtyuḥdeath by weapon
śastra-mṛtyuḥ:
Karta (Predicate subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśastra-mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक; शस्त्र + मृत्यु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृसमानाधिकरण (predicate nominative)
syātmay be / would be
syāt:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
apa-mṛtyuḥuntimely death
apa-mṛtyuḥ:
Karta (Predicate subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootapa-mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक; अप + मृत्यु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्तृसमानाधिकरण
athaor
atha:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle): ‘or/then’ (here: disjunctive)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle): ‘also/even’
vāor
vā:
Sambandha (Alternative/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (disjunctive particle): विकल्प
upasargātfrom (an) affliction/disease
upasargāt:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootupasarga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; अपादान (ablative)
mṛtānāmof the dead (persons)
mṛtānām:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootmṛta (कृदन्त; √mṛ (धातु) + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle) used substantively
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction): समुच्चय
viṣa-mṛtyumdeath by poison
viṣa-mṛtyum:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootviṣa-mṛtyu (प्रातिपदिक; विष + मृत्यु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्म (object)
upeyuṣāmof those who have met/undergone
upeyuṣām:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa-√i (धातु) → upeyuṣ (कृदन्त; लिट्-कृदन्त/परफेक्ट पार्टिसिपल)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; कर्तरि कृदन्तः ‘having reached/undergone’
Speaker

Bhartṛyajña

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Bhartṛyajña begins a query/list about those who died violently or untimely; the atmosphere is somber, with symbolic imagery of weapons, storm/calamity, and a poison vessel, contrasted with ritual lamps promising relief.

Characters & Entities
B
Bhartṛyajña
Ś
Śastramṛtyu (death by weapon)
A
Apamṛtyu (untimely death)
V
Viṣamṛtyu (death by poison)

FAQs

Purāṇic Dharma recognizes many difficult modes of death and prepares ritual means to protect the departed and the family’s dharmic continuity.

The discourse continues within the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra Māhātmya of the Nāgara Khaṇḍa.

This verse opens a list of special death-cases; the specific remedial rite is introduced in subsequent verses.

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