वयं चैव मनुष्याणां तेन वः शरणं गताः । पितर ऊचुः । अस्माकमपि चैवैषा कष्टावस्था प्रजायते
vayaṃ caiva manuṣyāṇāṃ tena vaḥ śaraṇaṃ gatāḥ | pitara ūcuḥ | asmākamapi caivaiṣā kaṣṭāvasthā prajāyate
และเราทั้งหลายเป็นปิตฤของมนุษย์ทั้งปวง ฉะนั้นจึงมาขอพึ่งพิงท่าน ปิตฤกล่าวว่า: ‘แม้แก่เราก็เกิดสภาพอันทุกข์ยากเจ็บปวดนี้เช่นกัน’
Narrative pivot: Pitṛs (humans’ ancestors) and then ‘Pitara ūcuḥ’ (Pitṛs replying)
Type: kshetra
Scene: A turning point: the speakers declare themselves pitṛs of humans and seek refuge; then the Pitṛs respond that they too experience the same painful condition—creating a poignant chain of shared vulnerability.
Ancestral welfare is interconnected across tiers of Pitṛs; seeking refuge indicates a structured cosmic order where remedies flow through dharma.
Not specified in this verse; it continues the chapter’s tīrtha-context.
None explicitly; the narrative prepares for explaining the cause and remedy—typically śrāddha/tarpaṇa.