Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 91

Devanagari script

व्याप्तस्तथाखिलः स्वर्गो मानवैः स्पर्धयान्वितैः । सार्धं देवैर्विमानस्थैरप्सरोगणसेवितैः

Transliteration

vyāptastathākhilaḥ svargo mānavaiḥ spardhayānvitaiḥ | sārdhaṃ devairvimānasthairapsarogaṇasevitaiḥ

Translation

ดังนั้นสวรรค์ทั้งสิ้นจึงแน่นไปด้วยมนุษย์ผู้ประกอบด้วยความแก่งแย่ง และพร้อมด้วยเหล่าเทพผู้สถิตในวิมาน มีหมู่อัปสรคอยปรนนิบัติ

Word by Word

• vyāptaḥ: filled; pervaded
• vyāptaḥ: Kriyā (predicative, with svarga as subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√āp (धातु) + vyāpta (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) = pervaded/filled; ‘स्वर्गः’ इत्यस्य विधेय-विशेषणम्

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (रीति/समुच्चय) = likewise; thus

• akhilaḥ: entire
• akhilaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (of svarga)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: akhila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन = entire; whole; ‘स्वर्गः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• svargaḥ: heaven
• svargaḥ: Karta (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन = heaven

• mānavaiḥ: by men
• mānavaiḥ: Karaṇa (agent/instrument in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन = by/with men

• spardhayā-anvitaiḥ: endowed with rivalry
• spardhayā-anvitaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (of mānavaiḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: spardhā (प्रातिपदिक) + anvita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) √anv-i ‘to be endowed’ = endowed with rivalry; ‘माणवैः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• sārdham: together with
• sārdham: Sahārtha (association)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sārdham (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (सह-सम्बन्ध) = together with

• devaiḥ: with the gods
• devaiḥ: Sahakāraka (accompaniment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन = with gods

• vimāna-sthaiḥ: seated in vimānas
• vimāna-sthaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (of devaiḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vimāna (प्रातिपदिक) + stha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (विमाने स्थाः) = stationed in aerial cars; ‘देवैः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• apsarā-gaṇa-sevitaiḥ: attended by groups of apsarases
• apsarā-gaṇa-sevitaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (of devaiḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: apsaras (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + sevita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) √sev ‘to be attended/served’ = attended by groups of apsarases; ‘देवैः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Speaker

Purāṇic narrator

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Tīrtha-yugma (implied causal source)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A vast celestial city filled with vimānas; gods seated in aerial chariots; apsarā hosts attending. Among them, newly arrived humans appear in large numbers, some glancing competitively at one another, conveying ‘spardhā’ amid splendor.

Characters & Entities

• Svarga
• Devas
• Vimāna
• Apsaras
• Humans

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Merit can be so abundant that it reshapes cosmic spaces; Purāṇas use such imagery to emphasize the potency of dharma and tīrtha.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

Indirectly, the same tīrtha context is implied: the earlier promised fruits lead to many humans attaining svarga, filling heaven.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None directly; it narrates the consequence (svarga being filled) of the previously described tīrtha and liṅga worship.