Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 39

Devanagari script

तथान्यैर्मर्त्यदो नाम गणैशस्तत्र यः स्थितः । येन स्वर्गाच्च्युता यांति न कदा नरकादिकम् । तिर्यक्त्वं वा कृमित्वं वा स्थावरत्वमथापि वा

Transliteration

tathānyairmartyado nāma gaṇaiśastatra yaḥ sthitaḥ | yena svargāccyutā yāṃti na kadā narakādikam | tiryaktvaṃ vā kṛmitvaṃ vā sthāvaratvamathāpi vā

Translation

ฉันนั้นเอง ผู้อื่นได้สถาปนาพระคเณศไว้ ณ ที่นั้น ด้วยพระนามว่า ‘มรรตยะทะ’ ด้วยพระองค์ ผู้ที่ตกจากสวรรค์ย่อมไม่ไปสู่นรกหรือภพอันต่ำอื่นใดเลย ไม่ไปเกิดเป็นสัตว์ ไม่ตกสู่ภาวะแมลงหนอน และไม่ถึงสภาพเป็นสิ่งนิ่งไม่เคลื่อนไหว

Word by Word

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb)

• anyaiḥ: by others
• anyaiḥ: Karana (Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन — Instrumental plural

• martyadaḥ: Martyada (giver of mortality / human-state)
• martyadaḥ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: martyada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘martyaṃ dadāti’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular (name/epithet)

• nāma: named
• nāma: Sambandha (Naming marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: नाम-शब्दः निपातवत् (indeclinable used to mark naming)

• gaṇeśaḥ: lord of the gaṇas (Gaṇeśa)
• gaṇeśaḥ: Apposition/Predicate noun
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇeśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘gaṇānām īśaḥ’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Relative pronoun

• sthitaḥ: is situated
• sthitaḥ: Kriyā (predicative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √sthā (स्था; धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — ‘standing/being situated’

• yena: by whom
• yena: Karana (Instrument/Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन — Instrumental singular

• svargāt: from heaven
• svargāt: Apādāna (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svarga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन — Ablative singular

• cyutāḥ: fallen (down)
• cyutāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √cyu (च्यु; धातु) (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural participle

• yānti: go
• yānti: Kriyā (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (या; धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation particle)

• kadā: ever
• kadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक प्रश्न/अनिश्चित-अव्यय (temporal adverb: ‘ever/at any time’)

• naraka-ādikam: hell and the like
• naraka-ādikam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: naraka (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘narakaḥ ādiḥ yasya’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular (goal)

• tiryaktvam: animal state
• tiryaktvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tiryak (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (Alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• kṛmitvam: wormhood
• kṛmitvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛmi (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• sthāvaratvam: plant/immobile state
• sthāvaratvam: Karma (Goal/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sthāvara (प्रातिपदिक) + -tva (तद्धित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Abstract noun in -त्व

• atha: and/then
• atha: Samuccaya/Sequence
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अनन्तर/समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (particle: ‘and/then’)

• api: even/also
• api: Emphasis/Additive
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (also/even)

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (deduced: a Purāṇic narrator within Tīrthamāhātmya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Martyada-Gaṇeśa (within Camatkārapura-kṣetra, implied)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Gaṇeśa as Martyada stands as a guardian; behind him symbolic scenes of avoided destinies—hell, animal birth, wormhood, and immobile existence—fade away, emphasizing protection from durgati.

Characters & Entities

• Gaṇeśa (Martyada)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Sacred worship is portrayed as a powerful safeguard against spiritual decline and painful rebirths.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The ‘there’ indicates a holy kṣetra within Nāgarakhaṇḍa’s Tīrthamāhātmya where Martyada Gaṇeśa abides; the place-name is not given in this excerpt.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Worship of Gaṇeśa in the Martyada form is implied to protect devotees from naraka and lower yonis.