Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 99

Devanagari script

भोगार्थं चैव यद्दत्तं शक्रराज्यं त्वयाऽधुन् । प्रदत्तं च द्विजातिभ्यो ह्यन्यथा वै कृतं महत्

Transliteration

bhogārthaṃ caiva yaddattaṃ śakrarājyaṃ tvayā'dhun | pradattaṃ ca dvijātibhyo hyanyathā vai kṛtaṃ mahat

Translation

ราชอำนาจแห่งพระอินทร์ที่เพิ่งประทานแก่เจ้า ก็เพื่อให้เจ้าเสวยสุขเท่านั้น แต่เจ้ากลับยกให้แก่เหล่าทวิชะ; แท้จริงเจ้าได้กระทำการใหญ่ที่ผิดจากระเบียบอันควร

Word by Word

• भोग-अर्थम्: for enjoyment
• भोग-अर्थम्: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोग (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (purpose: ‘for enjoyment’), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); प्रयोजनार्थे (adverbial accusative of purpose)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Avadharana (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)

• यत्: which/that (which)
• यत्: Visheshana (Relative qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Singular); ‘दत्तम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दत्तम्: given
• दत्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier of ‘śakrarājyam’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) विशेषणरूपेण, नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Singular)

• शक्र-राज्यम्: Śakra’s kingdom
• शक्र-राज्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक) + राज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (Tatpurusha: ‘Śakra’s kingdom’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom./Acc.), एकवचन (Singular)

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana (Agent in passive; करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• अधुन: now
• अधुन: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधुना/अधुन (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb; Vedic/poetic form)

• प्रदत्तम्: given away
• प्रदत्तम्: Visheshana (Qualifier; continuing description of the act)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-दा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle) विशेषणरूपेण, नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Singular)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• द्वि-जातिभ्यः: to the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
• द्वि-जातिभ्यः: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + जाति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (Dvigu: ‘twice-born’), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (4th/Dative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• हि: indeed/for
• हि: Nipata (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: for/indeed)

• अन्यथा: otherwise
• अन्यथा: Kriya-visheshana (Manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: otherwise)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Nipata (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• कृतम्: done
• कृतम्: Kriya/Phrase predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Singular)

• महत्: great/serious
• महत्: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: विशेषण (adjective), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Singular); ‘कृतम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Speaker

Yama (contextual, continuing admonition in the dialogue)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kedāra (Kedāranātha)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Yama explains the terms of Indra’s sovereignty as a trust for enjoyment, condemning the gambler’s redistribution to brāhmaṇas as a grave inversion of order; brāhmaṇas shown receiving gifts unaware of taint.

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Śakra (Indra)
• Dvijāti (twice-born)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Even seemingly generous acts become blameworthy when they violate dharma, rightful ownership, and proper authority.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The broader setting is Kedāra (Kedārakhaṇḍa), though this verse focuses on dharma-judgment rather than direct tīrtha praise.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Dāna (charity) is discussed implicitly, emphasizing that gifts must be given according to śāstra and rightful entitlement.