Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 83

Devanagari script

यच्चाक्रुश्य ददात्यंग दत्त्वा वाक्रोशति द्विजम् । पैशाचं तद्वृथा दानंदाननाशास्त्रयस्त्वमी

Transliteration

yaccākruśya dadātyaṃga dattvā vākrośati dvijam | paiśācaṃ tadvṛthā dānaṃdānanāśāstrayastvamī

Translation

และดูก่อนผู้เป็นที่รัก ทานใดให้ไปพร้อมคำด่า หรือให้แล้วกลับด่าว่าทวิชะ (พราหมณ์) ทานนั้นชื่อว่า ‘ไปศาจ’ และย่อมสูญเปล่า นี่แลคือสามประการที่ทำให้ทานพินาศ

Word by Word

• yat: which (gift)
• yat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, accusative singular); सम्बन्धसूचक

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ākruśya: having reviled
• ākruśya: Kriya (Gerundial action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√kruś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), 'आक्रुश्य' = 'having abused/cried at'

• dadāti: gives
• dadāti: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• aṅga: O dear; O sir
• aṅga: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aṅga (अव्यय/सम्बोधन)
• Form: सम्बोधनार्थक-अव्यय (vocative particle/interjection)

• dattvā: having given
• dattvā: Kriya (Gerundial action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund)

• vā: or
• vā: Sambandha (Alternative/विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• krośati: shouts at; abuses
• krośati: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kruś (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• dvijam: a brāhmaṇa; twice-born
• dvijam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (masculine, accusative singular)

• paiśācām: paiśāca (ghoulish)
• paiśācām: Visheshana (Predicate adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paiśāca (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• tat: that
• tat: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• vṛthā: in vain
• vṛthā: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vṛthā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• dānam: gift; donation
• dānam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (neuter, nominative/accusative singular)

• dāna: gift
• dāna: Visheshya (Qualifier/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रातिपदिक; समासाङ्ग

• nāśāḥ: (are) destructions (of gifts)
• nāśāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (masculine, nominative plural); दान-नाशाः = 'destructions of gifts'

• trayaḥ: three
• trayaḥ: Visheshana (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: traya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (masculine, nominative plural)

• tvam: you
• tvam: Sambodhana/Karta (Address/implicit subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; प्रथमा, एकवचन (2nd person pronoun, nominative singular)

• ime: these
• ime: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (masculine, nominative plural); पाठे 'त्वमी' → 'त्वम् इमे' (sandhi)

Speaker

Sūta (Lomaharṣaṇa) addressing the sages (deduced from Māheśvarakhaṇḍa narrative convention)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A tense moment: a donor extends a gift while speaking harshly; the brāhmaṇa recipient stands composed; the teacher gestures to stop the abuse, emphasizing that the insult burns the merit.

Characters & Entities

• Dvija
• Paiśāca

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Charity must be accompanied by respect; humiliating the recipient destroys the merit of giving.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No tīrtha is named; the teaching concerns the moral conduct surrounding dāna.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Do not insult while giving or after giving; such charity is termed ‘paiśāca’ and becomes fruitless, completing the triad of dāna-nāśa.