Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 80

Devanagari script

यत्ते पूर्वं हता दैत्या हिरण्याक्षमुखाः किल । जंभस्तदाभवन्नैव पश्य मामद्य संस्थितम्

Transliteration

yatte pūrvaṃ hatā daityā hiraṇyākṣamukhāḥ kila | jaṃbhastadābhavannaiva paśya māmadya saṃsthitam

Translation

"เหล่าดานพที่คุณเคยสังหารมาก่อน—หิรัณยากษะและคนอื่นๆ—ไม่ใช่จัมภะ จงดูข้าในตอนนี้ ที่ยืนอยู่ต่อหน้าเจ้า!"

Word by Word

• yat: that which
• yat: Sambandha (Relative/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — relative pronoun ‘that which’

• te: by you/your
• te: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: मध्यमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी, एकवचन — Genitive singular

• pūrvam: formerly
• pūrvam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (accusative used adverbially) — ‘formerly/before’

• hatāḥ: slain
• hatāḥ: Kriyā (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √han (हन् धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — past passive participle; ‘slain’

• daityāḥ: demons
• daityāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daitya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural

• hiraṇyākṣa-mukhāḥ: headed by Hiraṇyākṣa
• hiraṇyākṣa-mukhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hiraṇyākṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Nominative plural; बहुव्रीहिः ‘those whose face/leader is Hiraṇyākṣa’ i.e., ‘headed by Hiraṇyākṣa’

• kila: indeed
• kila: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kila (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/श्रुत्यर्थक अव्यय — ‘indeed/it is said’

• jambhaḥ: Jambha
• jambhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jambha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Nominative singular

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय — ‘then/at that time’

• abhavat: was
• abhavat: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — ‘was/became’

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय — negation

• eva: at all
• eva: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक अव्यय — ‘at all/indeed’

• paśya: see
• paśya: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √paś (पश् धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन — ‘see!’

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया, एकवचन — Accusative singular

• adya: now
• adya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Temporal/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: adya (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय — ‘today/now’

• saṃsthitam: standing firm
• saṃsthitam: Karma (Object complement/कर्मपूरक)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-√sthā (स्था धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन — past passive participle used as object complement; ‘standing/established’ (referring to speaker ‘me’)

Speaker

Jambha (Daitya king/warrior)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Jambha stands forward, chest lifted, proclaiming that past victories over Hiraṇyākṣa-like foes do not apply; he gestures to himself as the true test, while Hari remains poised.

Characters & Entities

• Jambha
• Viṣṇu (Keśava/Hari)
• Hiraṇyākṣa
• Daityas

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Ego and boastful pride (mada) lead beings to challenge divine order, setting the stage for their eventual downfall.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No tīrtha is named in this verse; it is part of a Purāṇic battle episode within the Kaumārikākhaṇḍa.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None in this verse; it is a martial challenge and self-proclamation.