Skanda Purana — Brahma Khanda, Shloka 10

Devanagari script

पंचूषणं हि कर्त्तव्यं दातव्यं श्रमणे सदा । श्रुत्वा वाक्यं ततो विप्रास्तस्य दंतानपीडयन्

Transliteration

paṃcūṣaṇaṃ hi karttavyaṃ dātavyaṃ śramaṇe sadā | śrutvā vākyaṃ tato viprāstasya daṃtānapīḍayan

Translation

ควรประกอบปัญจูษณะวัตรโดยแท้ และควรถวายทานแก่ศรมนะอยู่เสมอ. ครั้นได้ฟังถ้อยคำนี้ เหล่าพราหมณ์ก็ขบฟันด้วยความกระวนกระวาย.

Word by Word

• पञ्चूषणम्: the five observances (pañcūṣaṇa)
• पञ्चूषणम्: Karma/Predicate nominal (what is to be done)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्च-ऊषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगु-समास (पञ्च ऊषणानि/उपवासादि); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; nominative singular (neuter)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात

• कर्तव्यम्: should be done
• कर्तव्यम्: Vidhi (Obligation predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दातव्यम्: should be given
• दातव्यम्: Vidhi (Obligation predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• श्रमणे: to the ascetic (śramaṇa)
• श्रमणे: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रमण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; dative singular (masc.)

• सदा: always
• सदा: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण

• श्रुत्वा: having heard
• श्रुत्वा: Purvakala (Prior action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund); ‘having heard’

• वाक्यम्: the statement, words
• वाक्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; accusative singular (neuter)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (Sequence)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण

• विप्राः: the brahmins
• विप्राः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; nominative plural (masc.)

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; genitive singular

• दन्तान्: teeth
• दन्तान्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; accusative plural (masc.)

• अपīडयन्: pressed, clenched
• अपīडयन्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पीड् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (अनद्यतनभूत/imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; 3rd person plural; उपसर्ग: अपि- (intensive/continuative sense here)

Speaker

Narrator (reaction of brāhmaṇas; speaker not explicit)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: धर्मारण्य

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: वक्ता पञ्चूषण-व्रत और श्रमण-दान का आदेश देता है; ब्राह्मण श्रोता दाँत पीसते हुए असंतोष प्रकट करते हैं—सभामण्डल में तनाव।

Characters & Entities

• Śramaṇa
• Pañcūṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Dharma is expressed through disciplined observance and consistent giving, even when others disapprove.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific tīrtha is mentioned in this verse.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Performance of Pañcūṣaṇa and regular dāna (gifting) to śramaṇas are enjoined.