Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 15

Devanagari script

चतुर्वर्षसहस्राणि व्यतीयुः परमेश्वर । न केनापीदृशं तप्तं तपो दृष्टं श्रुतं तथा

Transliteration

caturvarṣasahasrāṇi vyatīyuḥ parameśvara | na kenāpīdṛśaṃ taptaṃ tapo dṛṣṭaṃ śrutaṃ tathā

Translation

“ข้าแต่ปรเมศวร พันปีสี่พันได้ล่วงไปแล้ว ตบะเช่นนี้ไม่เคยเห็น ไม่เคยได้ยิน ว่าผู้ใดจะบำเพ็ญได้รุนแรงถึงเพียงนี้”

Word by Word

• चतुर्-वर्ष-सहस्राणि: four thousand years
• चतुर्-वर्ष-सहस्राणि: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), बहुवचन; 'चत्वारि वर्षसहस्राणि' (four thousands of years)

• व्यतीयुः: passed (by)
• व्यतीयुः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + अति + इ (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/परफेक्ट), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• परमेश्वर: O Supreme Lord
• परमेश्वर: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8), एकवचन; 'परमः ईश्वरः'

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• केन: by anyone
• केन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन; interrogative/indefinite in negative context

• अपि: at all/even
• अपि: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (even/at all)

• ईदृशम्: such (as this)
• ईदृशम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ईदृश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2), एकवचन; qualifies 'तपः' (understood)

• तप्तम्: performed/endured
• तप्तम्: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Subject complement/कर्तृसमानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तप् (धातु) → तप्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; kta participle used predicatively with 'तपः' (understood)

• तपः: austerity
• तपः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन

• दृष्टम्: seen
• दृष्टम्: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Subject complement/कर्तृसमानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; kta participle; 'seen' (with 'तपः' as topic)

• श्रुतम्: heard
• श्रुतम्: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (Subject complement/कर्तृसमानााधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रु (धातु) → श्रुत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; kta participle; 'heard'

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Manner/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (thus/likewise)

Speaker

Umā (contextual continuation; not explicit in the verse)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kailāsa

Type: peak

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: King

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Umā, poised and earnest, addresses Śiva with a gesture of emphasis, while the sky behind shows the lingering smoke-sign; the scene conveys both astonishment and devotional certainty.

Characters & Entities

• Parameśvara

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Perseverance over immense time is celebrated as a hallmark of authentic spiritual striving, surpassing ordinary limits of endurance.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific tīrtha is named in this verse; it contributes to the broader Revā Khaṇḍa narrative of sacred power and ascetic merit.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

No explicit rite is stated; the verse underscores duration and intensity of tapas.