Skanda Purana — Avanti Khanda, Shloka 60

Devanagari script

महामहिषमारूढो महामुकुटभूषितः । तत्रान्यश्च कलिः कालश्चित्रगुप्तो महामतिः

Transliteration

mahāmahiṣamārūḍho mahāmukuṭabhūṣitaḥ | tatrānyaśca kaliḥ kālaścitragupto mahāmatiḥ

Translation

พระองค์ทรงประทับเหนือกระบือใหญ่ และทรงประดับด้วยมงกุฎสูงสง่า ที่นั่นยังมีผู้อื่นด้วย—กาลีและกาล—และจิตรคุปต์ผู้ทรงปัญญายิ่ง

Word by Word

• महामहिषमारूढः: mounted on a great buffalo
• महामहिषमारूढः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा-महिष-आरूढ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त ‘आरूढ’; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (महामहिषे आरूढः)

• महामुकुटभूषितः: adorned with a great crown
• महामुकुटभूषितः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा-मुकुट-भूषित (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त ‘भूषित’; तृतीया/उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (महामुकुटेन भूषितः)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय

• अन्यः: another (person)
• अन्यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कलिः: Kali
• कलिः: Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कालः: Time/Death (Kāla)
• कालः: Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• चित्रगुप्तः: Chitragupta
• चित्रगुप्तः: Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चित्र-गुप्त (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (चित्रः गुप्तः/नामविशेषः)

• महामतिः: great-minded/very wise
• महामतिः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा-मति (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारयः

Speaker

Unspecified (Revā Khaṇḍa narrator; likely Sūta in the frame)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Yama sits high on a massive buffalo, crowned; beside him stand personified Kali and Kāla, while Citragupta—sage-like, sharp-eyed—holds scrolls/ledger, embodying meticulous record-keeping.

Characters & Entities

• Yama (contextual)
• Kali
• Kāla
• Citragupta

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Karmic accountability is institutionalized: Time (Kāla), the age-force (Kali), and the scribe (Citragupta) together signify inescapable moral record and consequence.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

None; it describes Yama’s courtly setting and its key functionaries.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None; it is a narrative description of divine administration.