Mantra 16
Rishi: Yājñavalkya-tradition (Śukla-Yajurvedic transmission)
Devata: Mitra–Varuṇa (with cosmological framing via Uṣas and Sūrya)
Chandas: Mixed/prose-yajus with Ṛgvedic-style cadence (not strictly metrical in Yajus usage)
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
हिर॑ण्यरूपा उ॒षसो॑ विरो॒क उ॒भावि॑न्द्रा॒ उदि॑थ॒: सूर्य॑श्च । आ रो॑हतं वरुण मित्र॒ गर्त्तं॒ तत॑श्चक्षाथा॒मदि॑तिं॒ दितिं॑ च मि॒त्रो॒ऽसि॒ वरु॑णोऽसि
Transliteration
híraṇyarūpā uṣáso viróka ubhā́v indrā́ údithaḥ sū́ryaś ca | ā́ rohatam varuṇa mitra gártaṃ tátaś cakṣāthām áditiṃ dítiṃ ca mitró ’si váruṇo ’si
Translation
อุษาสทั้งหลายมีรูปทองคำ ส่องประกายรุ่งโรจน์ และทั้งสอง—อินทราและสุริยะ—ได้อุบัติขึ้นแล้ว โอ วรุณะและมิตระ จงขึ้นสู่ที่นั่งซึ่งจัดเตรียมไว้ จากที่นั้นจงทอดพระเนตรอทิติและทิติ ท่านคือมิตระ ท่านคือวรุณะ
Padapatha (Word Analysis)
हिरण्य-रूपाः । उषसः । विरोकः । उभौ । इन्द्रौ (इन्द्रा) । उदितः । सूर्यः । च । आ । रोहतम् । वरुण । मित्र । गर्तम् । ततः । चक्षाथाम् । अदितिम् । दितिम् । च । मित्रः । असि । वरुणः । असि
Word by Word
हिरण्यरूपाःgolden-formed, of golden appearance
हिरण्यरूपाः:
Kartā (उषसः का विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहिरण्य-रूप (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
उषसःthe dawns
उषसः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootउषस् (प्रातिपदिक)
विरोकःshining, radiant
विरोकः:
Kartā/विशेषण (संदर्भानुसार)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-रुच् (धातु) → विरोक (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) अथवा ‘विरोक’ (प्रातिपदिक)
उभौboth
उभौ:
Kartā
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
इन्द्रौthe two Indras (a pair addressed)
इन्द्रौ:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
उदितःrisen
उदितः:
Kartā/विशेषण
TypeParticiple
Rootउद्-इ (धातु) → उदित (कृदन्त, क्त)
सूर्यःthe Sun
सूर्यः:
Kartā
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
आhither, up (as preverb)
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb) / particle
Rootआ
रोहतम्mount (you two), ascend
रोहतम्:
Kriyā (आह्वान)
TypeVerb
Rootरुह् (धातु)
वरुणO Varuṇa
वरुण:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
मित्रO Mitra
मित्र:
सम्बोधन
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
गर्तम्the seat/pit; (here) the chariot-seat/abode
गर्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
ततःthen, thereafter; from there
ततः:
—
TypeIndeclinable (adverb)
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिक से)
चक्षाथाम्you two have beheld/seen
चक्षाथाम्:
Kriyā
TypeVerb
Rootचक्ष् (धातु)
अदितिम्Aditi (the undivided/infinite)
अदितिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
दितिम्Diti
दितिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
चand
च:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
मित्रःMitra
मित्रः:
Kartā/विधेय
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
असिyou are
असि:
Kriyā (सम्बन्ध/समीकरण)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
वरुणःVaruṇa
वरुणः:
Kartā/विधेय
TypeNoun
Rootवरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
असिyou are
असि:
Kriyā (सम्बन्ध/समीकरण)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Entities Mentioned
U
Uṣas (Dawn)S
Sūrya (Sun)I
IndraM
MitraV
VaruṇaA
AditiD
DitiRitual Context
Viniyoga (Ritual Application)
Commentary Summary
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes