Rig Veda 7.88.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 88, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.88

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha

Devata: Varuṇa

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ यद्रुहाव वरुणश्च नावं प्र यत्समुद्रमीरयाव मध्यम् । अधि यदपां स्नुभिश्चराव प्र प्रेङ्ख ईङ्खयावहै शुभे कम् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ yád ruhā́va váruṇaś ca nā́vaṃ prá yát samudrám ī́rayāva mádhyam | adhí yád apā́ṃ snúbhis cárāva prá préṅkha īṅkhayāvahai śubhé kám ||

Translation

เมื่อวรุณะกับข้าพเจ้าขึ้นเรือ เมื่อเรากระตุ้นมหาสมุทรให้ไหวอยู่กลางนั้น; เมื่อเราเคลื่อนไปบนกระแสน้ำที่พองตัวของสายน้ำทั้งหลาย—แล้วบนที่นั่งซึ่งแกว่งไปข้างหน้า เราโยกไกวเพื่อความรื่นรมย์อันงามของวิญญาณ.

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Word by Word

• आ: hither, forth (preverb)
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• यत्: which, what
• यत्: Karma (of रुहाव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• रुहाव: we two mounted/ascended
• रुहाव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुह् (धातु)

• वरुणः: Varuṇa
• वरुणः: Kartā (with रुहाव, as companion/subject in dual sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरुण (प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (avyaya)

• नावम्: boat, ship
• नावम्: Karma (object of रुहाव ‘mounted’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नौ/नाव् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Karma (of ईरयाव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• समुद्रम्: ocean, sea
• समुद्रम्: Karma (goal/object with ईरयाव ‘set in motion toward/into’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• ईरयाव: we two set in motion / drove
• ईरयाव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईरय्/ईर् (धातु; causative sense ‘set in motion’)

• मध्यम्: the middle, midstream
• मध्यम्: Adhikaraṇa (spatial: ‘in the middle’)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: upon, over
• अधि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (upasarga/avyaya)

• यत्: when/that which
• यत्: Karma (of चराव)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-stem)

• अपाम्: of the waters
• अपाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (of स्नुभिः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्नुभिः: with the currents/streams
• स्नुभिः: Karaṇa (means: ‘with/by the streams/currents’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्नु/स्नु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘current/stream/flow’, Vedic)

• चराव: we two moved/went
• चराव: Kartā (implicit ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर् (धातु)

• प्र: forth
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga/avyaya)

• प्रेङ्खे: in rocking, in a swing
• प्रेङ्खे: Adhikaraṇa (manner/state)
• Type: Noun (locative) / Adverbial
• Root: प्रेङ्ख (प्रातिपदिक; ‘swinging/rocking’, Vedic) / √इङ्ख् (to swing) underlying

• ईङ्खयावहै: may we two cause (it) to rock/swing
• ईङ्खयावहै: Kartā (implicit ‘may we two…’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईङ्खय् (denominative/causative from √इङ्ख् ‘to swing’)

• शुभे: in auspicious (state), auspiciously
• शुभे: Adhikaraṇa (in/for auspiciousness)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• कम्: indeed, somehow/at all (Vedic particle)
• कम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (particle-like) / Pronoun
• Root: क (interrog./indef. pronoun-stem) / Vedic particle use