Rig Veda 5.45.5 — Mandala 5, Sukta 45, Mantra 5

Sukta 5.45

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya tradition) (attributed for RV 5.45 as a whole; verse-level attribution follows hymn attribution)

Devata: Primarily Indra (with Angiras/Saramā ‘cows of light’ mythic horizon in adjacent verses); here the addressed power is the forward-leading divine force that clears misfortune and hatred

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable for RV 5.45; verse-level metrical confirmation recommended against a pada-count scanner)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

एतो न्वद्य सुध्यो भवाम प्र दुच्छुना मिनवामा वरीयः । आरे द्वेषांसि सनुतर्दधामायाम प्राञ्चो यजमानमच्छ ॥

Transliteration

éto nvádyá su-dhyò bhávāma prá ducchúnā minavāmā várīyaḥ | āré dvéṣāṃsi sanutár dadhāmāyā́ma prā́ñco yájamānam áccha ||

Translation

ดังนั้น วันนี้ขอให้เรามีปัญญาแจ่มชัดและเที่ยงตรง; ขอให้เราขับไล่เคราะห์ร้ายอันชั่ว และเปิดทางอันกว้างใหญ่ยิ่งกว่าเดิม เราวางความชิงชังทั้งหลายไว้ไกลออกไป สลัดทิ้งเสีย; ขอให้เราก้าวไปข้างหน้า หันสู่ผู้ประกอบยัญ (yajamāna) และไปถึงเขา

Word by Word

• एतः: hither/now, then
• एतः: Adhikaraṇa (temporal/deictic setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इ (ए ‘गमन’) / एतद् (प्रातिपदिक) — here as deictic adverbial form

• नु: indeed, now
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• सुध्यः: of good insight; wise
• सुध्यः: Kartā (predicate-nominative with ‘भवाम’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: सुधी (सु-धी) (प्रातिपदिक)

• भवाम: let us two be / may we two become
• भवाम: Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र

• दुच्छुना: with ill-luck; with harmfulness
• दुच्छुना: Karaṇa (instrumental: ‘by/with ill-luck’ → ‘harmfully’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुच्छुना (प्रातिपदिक; ‘ill-omen/ill-luck, harm’)

• मिनवामा: let us two diminish/drive away
• मिनवामा: Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मि / मी (मिनोति ‘to diminish, injure, damage’)

• वरीयः: the better (state/thing)
• वरीयः: Karma (object of ‘मिनवामा’ as ‘(choose/secure) the better’ / ‘(make) better’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: वरि/वर (comparative stem वरीयस् ‘better, more excellent’)

• आरे: far away
• आरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आरे

• द्वेषांसि: hatreds, hostilities
• द्वेषांसि: Karma (object of ‘दधाम’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वेषस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनुतर्: farther away
• सनुतर्: Adhikaraṇa (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनुतर् (comparative adverb from सनु ‘from of old/away’)

• दधाम: let us two place/set
• दधाम: Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धा (दधाति ‘to place, set’)

• आयाम: let us two come/go
• आयाम: Kartā (speaker ‘we two’)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + या (याति ‘to go, come’)

• प्राञ्चः: facing forward; advancing
• प्राञ्चः: Kartā (of implied motion/approach with ‘आयाम’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: प्राञ्च् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘turned forward, facing toward’)

• यजमानम्: the sacrificer
• यजमानम्: Karma (goal/object of approach)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक)

• अच्छ: towards
• अच्छ: Adhikaraṇa (direction/goal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अच्छ