Rig Veda 5.42.16 — Mandala 5, Sukta 42, Mantra 16

Sukta 5.42

Rishi: Atri (Ātreya) (traditional; verify in Anukramaṇī for this verse)

Devata: All-gods frame (devó-devāḥ) with Earth/Antarikṣa/Vanaspati/Oṣadhi invoked as supporting powers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm by metrical count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्रैष स्तोमः पृथिवीमन्तरिक्षं वनस्पतीँरोषधी राये अश्याः । देवोदेवः सुहवो भूतु मह्यं मा नो माता पृथिवी दुर्मतौ धात् ॥

Transliteration

práiṣa stómaḥ pṛthivī́m antárikṣaṃ vánaspatīṃ r óṣadhī rāyé aśyāḥ | devó-devāḥ suhávo bhūtu máhyaṃ mā no mātā́ pṛthivī́ durmatáu dhāt ||

Translation

บทสรรเสริญนี้ออกไปข้างหน้า—สู่แผ่นดิน สู่ห้วงกลาง (antarikṣa) สู่เจ้าแห่งพฤกษาและหมู่โอสถ—เพื่อให้ท่านบรรลุความอุดม (rāyí). ขอให้ “เทพในหมู่เทพ” เป็นผู้ถูกอัญเชิญได้โดยง่าย (suhavá) แก่ข้าพเจ้า; ขอให้มารดาแผ่นดินของเราอย่าวางเราไว้ในจิตคดเคี้ยวและการชี้นำอันชั่วร้าย.

Word by Word

• प्रैषः: the summons/impulse (goes forth)
• प्रैषः: कर्तृ (as subject: ‘the summons/impulse [goes forth]’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-इष् (dhātu ‘to send/impel’) → प्रैष (prātipadika ‘sending, impulse; summons’)

• स्तोमः: the hymn of praise
• स्तोमः: कर्तृ (co-subject with प्रैषः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तोम (prātipadika) < √स्तु (stu ‘to praise’)

• पृथिवीम्: the Earth
• पृथिवीम्: कर्म (object of implied ‘reach/attain’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (prātipadika)

• अन्तरिक्षम्: the midspace/atmosphere
• अन्तरिक्षम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तरिक्ष (prātipadika)

• वनस्पतीन्: the trees (lords of the forest)
• वनस्पतीन्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनस्पति (prātipadika ‘lord of the forest; tree’)

• ओषधीः: the herbs
• ओषधीः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषधि (prātipadika ‘herb, medicinal plant’)

• राये: for wealth
• राये: सम्प्रदान (purpose/benefit: ‘for wealth’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/राय (prātipadika ‘wealth, bounty’)

• अश्याः: may I attain
• अश्याः: (speaker as) कर्तृ
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अश् (aś ‘to reach, obtain’)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ (subject of भूतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (prātipadika)

• देवः: (every) god
• देवः: कर्तृ (repetition/emphasis: ‘god upon god’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (prātipadika)

• सुहवः: easy to invoke
• सुहवः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-हव (prātipadika ‘easy to invoke, graciously callable’) < √ह्वे (hve ‘to call’)

• भूतु: let (him) be / may (he) become
• भूतु: (injunction)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (bhū ‘to be, become’)

• मह्यम्: for me
• मह्यम्: सम्प्रदान (to/for me)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (asmad-pronoun)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (prohibitive particle)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (pronoun)

• माता: mother
• माता: कर्तृ (subject of धात्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (prātipadika)

• पृथिवी: Earth
• पृथिवी: कर्तृ (appositional)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (prātipadika)

• दुर्मतौ: in evil intent / into ill-disposition
• दुर्मतौ: अधिकरण (locus/condition: ‘in/under evil intent’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्मति (prātipadika ‘ill-thought, evil counsel, bad disposition’)

• धात्: may (she) place/put
• धात्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (dhā ‘to place, put’)