Rig Veda 5.30.13: Mandala 5, Sukta 30, Mantra 13

Sukta 5.30

Rishi: Atri Bhauma (Ātreya)

Devata: Agni (with Indra/Soma nexus)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; confirm via metrical audit)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

सुपेशसं माव सृजन्त्यस्तं गवां सहस्रै रुशमासो अग्ने । तीव्रा इन्द्रमममन्दुः सुतासोऽक्तोर्व्युष्टौ परितक्म्यायाः ॥

Recitation with translationRig Veda 5.30.13

Transliteration

supéśasaṃ mā́v sṛjánty ástaṃ gávāṃ sahásrai ruśámāso agne | tīvrā́ índram amamanduḥ sutā́so ’któ̄r vyùṣṭau páritakmyāyāḥ ||

Translation

โอ อัคนี ชาวรุศมะไม่ปล่อยให้ข้ากลับเรือนอย่างว่างเปล่า ไร้ความงาม—เขาส่ง (ข้า) ด้วยแสงสว่างนับพัน. พลังโสมะที่คั้นอย่างแรงกล้าได้ทำให้อินทระยินดีอย่างยิ่ง ณ รุ่งอรุณของราตรีที่เวียนวนและวิ่งวนไปมา.

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Word by Word

• सु-पेशसम्: well-adorned, beautiful
• सु-पेशसम्: कर्म (गौण-विशेषणम्) / विधेय-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु- + पेशस् (प्रातिपदिक) < √पिश्/पेश् (to adorn, form) (etym.)

• मा: not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध) अव्यय

• अव: down, away
• अव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अव (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) अव्यय

• सृजन्ति: they let go, release
• सृजन्ति: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृज् (सृजति)

• अस्तम्: to the west; to setting (of the sun)
• अस्तम्: अधिकारण/दिशा-निर्देश (गत्यर्थ-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable (directional accusative) / Noun-use
• Root: अस्त (प्रातिपदिक) अव्ययभावे/द्वितीया

• गवाम्: of cows
• गवाम्: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• सहस्रैः: with thousands
• सहस्रैः: करण (instrumental: ‘with thousands’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• रुशमासः: the bright ones (R̥śamā-s)
• रुशमासः: कर्तृ (of सृजन्ति)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: रुशमा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bright/white one’)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• तीव्राः: strong, sharp
• तीव्राः: कर्तृ (of अममन्दुः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तीव्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्रम्: Indra
• इन्द्रम्: कर्म (of अममन्दुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• अममन्दुः: they exhilarated, gladdened
• अममन्दुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √मन्द् (to gladden, exhilarate) with reduplication (aorist/perfect-like Vedic form)

• सुतासः: the pressed (Soma-drops)
• सुतासः: कर्तृ (of अममन्दुः)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: सुत (PPP from √सु ‘to press (Soma)’) as prātipadika

• अक्तोः: of the night
• अक्तोः: सम्बन्ध (with व्युष्टौ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘night’) / or अक्तु (Vedic) ‘night’

• व्युष्टौ: at daybreak
• व्युष्टौ: अधिकारण (locative: ‘at dawn’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्युष्टि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘dawn, daybreak’) < √वस्/√उष् (to shine, dawn) (etym.)

• परि: around, about
• परि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• तक्म्यायाः: of the roaming one (night)
• तक्म्यायाः: सम्बन्ध (genitive with अक्तोः/व्युष्टौ)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (f.)
• Root: तक्म्या (प्रातिपदिक; ‘running/roaming’, esp. of night; Vedic) < √तकम्/√तक् (to run/creep) (etym.)