Rig Veda 10.78.1: Mandala 10, Sukta 78, Mantra 1

Sukta 10.78

Devata: Maruts (likely, given 10.78.8 explicitly addresses Marutaḥ; hymn-wide devatā inference)

Chandas: Jagatī/Triṣṭubh mixture possible; verse-level meter needs confirmation from full hymn scan

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विप्रासो न मन्मभिः स्वाध्यो देवाव्यो न यज्ञैः स्वप्नसः । राजानो न चित्राः सुसंदृशः क्षितीनां न मर्या अरेपसः ॥

Transliteration

viprā́so na mánma-bhiḥ svādhyò devā́vyo na yajñáiḥ svápnasaḥ | rājā́no na citrā́ḥ su-sandṛ́śaḥ kṣitīnā́ṃ na maryā́ arepásaḥ ||

Translation

ดุจฤๅษีผู้ขับขานด้วยถ้อยคำแห่งแรงบันดาลใจ (manman) ดุจผู้ได้เทพเจ้าด้วยยัญพิธี เขาทั้งหลายสมบูรณ์ในกิจอันชอบของตน (svādhyā) ดุจกษัตริย์ผู้รุ่งเรือง งามน่าชม และดุจชนผู้สูงศักดิ์ท่ามกลางหมู่ชน ย่อมไร้มลทิน (arepasa)

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Word by Word

• विप्रासः: inspired poets/seers
• विप्रासः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक) < √विप्/√वेप् (कम्पने) (निरुक्त-परम्परा)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मन्मभिः: with thoughts/intentions
• मन्मभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √मन् (मनने)

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled/independent (one)
• स्वाध्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाध्य (प्रातिपदिक) (स्व + आध्य/अध्य)

• देवाव्यः: god-aided / belonging to the gods
• देवाव्यः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: देवाव्य (प्रातिपदिक) (देव + अव्य)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• यज्ञैः: with sacrifices/rites
• यज्ञैः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक) < √यज् (देवपूजासंगतिकरणदानेषु)

• स्वप्नसः: dreamers / sleepers (lit. ‘those of sleep’)
• स्वप्नसः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वप्नस (प्रातिपदिक) < √स्वप् (निद्रायाम्)

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक) < √राज् (दीप्तौ/राज्ये)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• चित्राः: bright/variegated/wondrous
• चित्राः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सुसंदृशः: good-looking / fair to behold
• सुसंदृशः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-संदृश (प्रातिपदिक) (सु + संदृश) < √दृश् (दर्शने)

• क्षितीनाम्: of the dwellings/peoples/lands
• क्षितीनाम्: Adhikaraṇa (genitive of sphere/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिति (प्रातिपदिक) < √क्षि (क्षये/निवासे) (परम्परागत)

• न: like, as
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• मर्याः: young men/warriors
• मर्याः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• अरेपसः: unblemished, faultless
• अरेपसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-रेपस् (प्रातिपदिक) (नञ् + रेपस्) (रेपस् = blemish/defect)