Rig Veda 10.25.4: Mandala 10, Sukta 25, Mantra 4

Sukta 10.25

Rishi: Kakṣīvān Dairghatamasa (attributed in Anukramaṇī for this hymn-group; internal name appears in 10.25.10)

Devata: Soma (Indu), with Indra in supportive background across the sukta

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; typical for Soma/Indra hymns in this section)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

समु प्र यन्ति धीतयः सर्गासोऽवताँ इव । क्रतुं नः सोम जीवसे वि वो मदे धारया चमसाँ इव विवक्षसे ॥

Transliteration

samú pra yánti dhītáyaḥ sárgāso’vatā́m iva | krátuṃ naḥ soma jīváse ví vo máde dhāráyā camasā́m iva vivákṣase ||

Translation

แรงดลใจที่รวมกัน (dhīti) เคลื่อนไปข้างหน้า ดุจสายน้ำเชี่ยวที่ไหลลงจากที่สูง โสมะเอ๋ย เพื่อการดำรงชีวิตของเรา ขอทรงสถาปนาพลังแห่งเจตจำนงรู้เท่าทัน—ครตุ (kratu)—ไว้ในเรา และในความปีติเมามาย (mada) ขอทรงหลั่งรินให้เอ่อล้น ให้เติบโตภายในเรา ดุจผู้หลั่งเครื่องดื่มลงสู่ถ้วยบูชา (camasá)

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Word by Word

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग) / sam (indecl. prefix)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग) / pra (indecl. prefix)

• यन्ति: they go, they proceed
• यन्ति: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (याति) / yā ‘to go’

• धीतयः: insights, hymnic thoughts
• धीतयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीति- (from √धी ‘to think/meditate’) / dhīti-

• सर्गासः: streams, outpourings
• सर्गासः: Kartā (apposition to धीतयः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग- / sarga-

• अवताम्: of the helpers/protectors (the favoring ones)
• अवताम्: —
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अवत- (ppp from √अव ‘to protect/favor’) / avata-

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव / iva

• क्रतुम्: power of will, resolve, ritual intelligence
• क्रतुम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रतु- / kratu-

• नः: of us, for us
• नः: Sampradāna (beneficiary: ‘for us/our’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् / asmád

• सोम: O Soma
• सोम: —
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: सोम- / soma-

• जीवसे: for living, to live
• जीवसे: Prayojana (purpose)
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: जीवस्- (infinitive from √जीव् ‘to live’) / jīvase

• वि: apart, widely, distinctly
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग) / vi

• वः: of you, for you
• वः: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (contextual: ‘for you/among you’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् / yuṣmád

• मदे: in exhilaration, in intoxication (of Soma)
• मदे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद- / mada-

• धारय: hold!, maintain!, set in place!
• धारय: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धृ (धारयति) / dhṛ ‘to hold, support’

• चमसान्: cups, beakers
• चमसान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमस- / camasa-

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव / iva

• विवक्षसे: you wish to utter/speak forth
• विवक्षसे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् with desiderative stem विवक्ष- / vac ‘to speak’ → vivakṣa- ‘wish to speak’