Rig Veda 10.10.9: Mandala 10, Sukta 10, Mantra 9

Sukta 10.10

Rishi: Yama (dialogic voice)

Devata: Sūrya (as cakṣus), Dyāvā-Pṛthivī (paired powers), and the twin principle

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

रात्रीभिरस्मा अहभिर्दशस्येत्सूर्यस्य चक्षुर्मुहुरुन्मिमीयात् । दिवा पृथिव्या मिथुना सबन्धू यमीर्यमस्य बिभृयादजामि ॥

Transliteration

rā́trībhirasmā́ áhbhir daśasyétsū́ryasya cákṣur muhúr unmimīyāt | divā́ pṛthivyā́ mithunā́ sabandhū́ yamī́ryámasya bibhṛyād ajā́mi ||

Translation

ให้เธอปรนนิบัติเขาด้วยราตรีและด้วยทิวา; ให้ดวงตาแห่งสุริยะเปิดขึ้นซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า. ฟ้ากับดินเป็นคู่ เป็นญาติผูกพันกัน; ให้ยมิ (Yamī) อุ้มชูยมะ (Yama)—มิใช่ด้วยการปะปนที่ผิดธรรม แต่ในฐานะผู้ทรงพลังแห่งความเป็นคู่แฝดอันไม่สับสน (ajāmi).

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Word by Word

• रात्रीभिः: with nights
• रात्रीभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मै: to him
• अस्मै: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अहभिः: with days
• अहभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्/अह- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘day’)

• दशस्येत्: should serve / should honor
• दशस्येत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दशस्य- (धातु; दशस्यति ‘to serve, worship, honor’)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य- (प्रातिपदिक)

• चक्षुः: the eye
• चक्षुः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षुस्- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मुहुः: again and again
• मुहुः: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)

• उत्: up, out
• उत्: (क्रियायोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत् (उपसर्ग)

• मिमीयात्: should measure
• मिमीयात्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मा (धातु; ‘to measure’)

• दिवा: by day / in the daytime
• दिवा: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun (used adverbially)
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘day/sky’)

• पृथिव्याः: of the Earth
• पृथिव्याः: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी- (प्रातिपदिक)

• मिथुना: the pair (two together)
• मिथुना: कर्तृ (सम्बोधन/वर्णन-प्रथमा)
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: मिथुन- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘paired, a couple’)

• सबन्धू: kinsmen, of one kin
• सबन्धू: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-बन्धु- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘having the same kinship’)

• यमीः: Yamī
• यमीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: यमी- (प्रातिपदिक; proper name)

• यमस्य: of Yama
• यमस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम- (प्रातिपदिक; proper name)

• बिभृयात्: should bear / should maintain
• बिभृयात्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भृ (धातु; ‘to bear, support, maintain’)

• अजामि: not a sister (non-sibling)
• अजामि: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-जामि- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘not a sister’, i.e., not of the same womb)