Rig Veda 1.94.10: Mandala 1, Sukta 94, Mantra 10

Sukta 1.94

Rishi: Gopavana Ātreya (traditionally for RV 1.94)

Devata: Agni

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदयुक्था अरुषा रोहिता रथे वातजूता वृषभस्येव ते रवः । आदिन्वसि वनिनो धूमकेतुनाग्ने सख्ये मा रिषामा वयं तव ॥

Transliteration

yád áyukthā aruṣā́ róhitā ráthe vā́ta-jūtā vṛṣabhásyeva te rávaḥ | ā́d invasi vaníno dhūmá-ketunā́gne sakhyé mā́ riṣāmā vayáṃ táva ||

Translation

เมื่อท่านเทียมม้าสีแดงเรื่อ สีแดงจัด เข้ากับรถศึก—ถูกลมพัดพาให้แล่นไป—เสียงคำรามของท่านดุจพญาวัว. แล้วท่านผู้มีควันเป็นธงสัญญาณก็ทำให้พงไพรสั่นไหวเคลื่อนไป. โอ อัคนี (Agni) ในมิตรภาพของท่านขออย่าให้พวกเราได้รับอันตราย—ขอให้พวกเราปลอดภัยภายใต้การคุ้มครองของท่าน.

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Word by Word

• यत्: that which / when
• यत्: Karma (यद् = ‘that which’ as object of युज्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अयुक्थाः: you yoked / you harnessed
• अयुक्थाः: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)

• अरुषाः: ruddy, tawny (ones)
• अरुषाः: Karma (अश्वान्/वह्नीन् implied; object-complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरुष (प्रातिपदिक)

• रोहिताः: red (ones)
• रोहिताः: Karma (with अरुषाः; qualifying the yoked ones)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रोहित (प्रातिपदिक)

• रथे: on the chariot
• रथे: Adhikaraṇa (location: on/at the chariot)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वातजूता: wind-driven / sped by the wind
• वातजूता: Karma (qualifying the yoked ones)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वात-जूत (समास; जूत < √जु/जव् ‘to speed’)

• वृषभस्य: of the bull
• वृषभस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• इव: like, as
• इव: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (निपात)

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (of you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• रवः: roar, sound
• रवः: Kartā (nominal subject: ‘roar/sound’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रव (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: forth, towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• अदीन्वसि: you make (them) resound / you set in motion (Vedic: ‘you impel’)
• अदीन्वसि: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: दीव्/दिव् (धातु; Vedic present ‘दीन्/दीन्व’ formation) अथवा √दी ‘to shine’ with nasal-infix; traditional pada: आ + दीन्वसि

• वनिनः: the woods / forest-things
• वनिनः: Karma (object of आदीन्वसि)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wooded/forest-dweller’ or ‘of the wood’; in RV often ‘trees/woods’)

• धूमकेतुना: with (you as) the smoke-banner
• धूमकेतुना: Karaṇa (instrument/means: ‘with smoke-banner’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूमकेतु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘smoke-banner’ epithet of Agni)

• अग्ने: O Agni
• अग्ने: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• सख्ये: in friendship
• सख्ये: Adhikaraṇa (sphere: in friendship)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सख्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मा: do not
• मा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (निषेध)

• रिषाम: may we be harmed / may we suffer harm
• रिषाम: (क्रिया) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: रिष् (धातु ‘to harm, injure’)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā (subject of रिषाम)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• तव: of you, your
• तव: Sambandha (of you)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)