Rig Veda 1.164.45: Mandala 1, Sukta 164, Mantra 45
Sukta 1.164
Rishi: Dīrghatamas Aucathya
Devata: Vāk (Speech) as multi-level power
Chandas: Triṣṭubh
Samhita Patha (Devanagari)
चत्वारि वाक्परिमिता पदानि तानि विदुर्ब्राह्मणा ये मनीषिणः । गुहा त्रीणि निहिता नेङ्गयन्ति तुरीयं वाचो मनुष्या वदन्ति ॥
Transliteration
catvā́ri vāk párimitā padā́ni tā́ni vidur brāhmaṇā́ yé manīṣíṇaḥ | guhā́ trī́ṇi níhitā néṅgayanti turī́yaṃ vā́co manuṣyā́ vadanti ||
Translation
วาจา (vāc) มีสี่ขั้นอันถูกกำหนดวัดไว้; พราหมณ์ผู้มีปัญญารู้สิ่งนั้น. สามขั้นถูกซ่อนไว้ในถ้ำลับ มิได้ไหวติง; ขั้นที่สี่แห่งวาจา คือสิ่งที่มนุษย์กล่าวกัน.
Word by Word
चत्वारिfour
चत्वारि:
विशेषण (पदानि इति)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootचतुर् (संख्याप्रातिपदिक) → चत्वारि
वाक्speech
वाक्:
सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (पदानि इति—‘वाचः’ अर्थे) अथवा विषय-निर्देश
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
परिमिताmeasured, delimited
परिमिता:
विशेषण (पदानि इति)
TypeAdjective (past passive participle)
Rootपरि-मा (धातु) → परिमित (कृदन्त) → परिमिता
पदानिsteps; words/quarters (of speech)
पदानि:
कर्तृ (विदुः इत्यस्य) / विषय
TypeNoun
Rootपद (नपुं. प्रातिपदिक)
तानिthose
तानि:
कर्म (विदुः इत्यस्य) / अनुवर्त्य
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
विदुःknow
विदुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु, ‘जानाति’)
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins; sacred knowers
ब्राह्मणाः:
कर्तृ (विदुः) तथा ‘ये’ इत्यस्य विशेष्य
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
येwho
ये:
कर्तृ (मनीषिणः) / सम्बन्धक
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
मनीषिणःwise, insightful
मनीषिणः:
कर्तृ (ये…); ब्राह्मणाः इत्यस्य विशेषण
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootमनीषिन् (पुं. प्रातिपदिक; ‘मनीषा’ से) अथवा मनीषिन्- (विशेषण)
गुहाin hiding; in the secret place
गुहा:
अधिकरण (निहिताः/नेङ्गयन्ति)
TypeIndeclinable (locatival adverb) / Noun used adverbially
Rootगुहा (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक) अव्ययीभावे ‘गुहायाम्’ अर्थे
त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
कर्म/विशेषण (निहिताः—‘three [of them]’)
TypeAdjective (numeral)
Rootत्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक) → त्रीणि
निहिताःplaced, hidden
निहिताः:
कर्तृ-विशेषण (नेङ्गयन्ति इत्यस्य) / अवस्था
TypeAdjective/Participle (PPP)
Rootनि-धा (धातु) → निहित (कृदन्त) → निहिताः
नेङ्गयन्तिdo not move/stir
नेङ्गयन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootनिङ्ग्/इङ्ग् (धातु ‘चलने’) + न- (निषेध) → नेङ्गयति (कारयति/प्रयोजक)
तुरीयम्the fourth
तुरीयम्:
कर्म (वदन्ति—‘the fourth [part]’) / विशेष्य-अनुवृत्ति (पदम्)
TypeAdjective (ordinal)
Rootतुरीय (क्रमवाचक-प्रातिपदिक)
वाचःof speech
वाचः:
सम्बन्ध (तुरीयम्—‘of speech’)
TypeNoun
Rootवाच् (स्त्री. प्रातिपदिक)
मनुष्याःhumans
मनुष्याः:
कर्तृ (वदन्ति)
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य (पुं. प्रातिपदिक)
वदन्तिspeak, utter
वदन्ति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु ‘भाषणे’)
Ritual Application
Philosophical Concepts
Vedic Cosmology
Natural Symbolism
Academic Analysis
Cross References
Yogic Application
Chanting Notes
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