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Shloka 51

अतिकायवधः

The Slaying of Atikāya

बालस्त्वमसिसौमित्रेविक्रमेष्वविचक्षणः ।गच्छकिंकालसदृशंमांयोधयतुमिच्छसि ।।।।

bālas tvam asi saumitre vikrameṣv avicakṣaṇaḥ | gaccha kiṃ kālasadṛśaṃ māṃ yoddhum icchasi ||

ดูก่อนโสมิตรี เจ้ายังเยาว์วัย แม้กล้าหาญแต่ขาดปรีชาญาณในศึก จงกลับไปเถิด—ไฉนเจ้าปรารถนาจะรบกับเรา ผู้ดุจความตายเอง?

बालःa boy/young
बालः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāla (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate adjective of त्वम्
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyuṣmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (युष्मद्), Nominative, Singular
असिare
असि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular
सौमित्रेO Saumitr(i)
सौमित्रे:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootsaumitra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन/8), Singular
विक्रमेषुin feats of valor
विक्रमेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootvikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (सप्तमी/7), Plural
अविचक्षणःundiscerning/unwise
अविचक्षणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Roota-vicakṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक; अ + विचक्षण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; predicate adjective of त्वम्
गच्छgo
गच्छ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootgam (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), Parasmaipada, 2nd person, Singular
किम्why?
किम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/interrogation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormInterrogative particle used adverbially (प्रश्न-अव्यय)
कालसदृशम्like Death
कालसदृशम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootkāla-sadṛśa (प्रातिपदिक; काल + सदृश)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular; qualifies मां; तत्पुरुष: कालेन सदृशः
माम्me
माम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun, Accusative, Singular
योधयितुम्to fight (with)
योधयितुम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootyudh (धातु)
FormCausative infinitive (णिच् + तुमुन्): yodhayitum = 'to make fight/ to fight with (me)'
इच्छसिdo you wish
इच्छसि:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootiṣ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), Parasmaipada, 2nd person, Singular

"O Saumithri! You are valiant but young, not able to discriminate. I am equal to the Lord of death. Why do you desire to comb at with me?"

A
Atikāya
L
Lakṣmaṇa (Saumitri)
K
Kāla (Death/Time, as comparison)

FAQs

The verse warns against rashness without विवेक (discernment). In dharma, courage must be guided by right judgment—not by intimidation or false assessments of self and other.

Atikāya taunts Lakṣmaṇa, calling him immature and urging him to withdraw, while boasting of his own death-like power.

Discernment (viveka) is invoked—ironically by the boaster—setting up Lakṣmaṇa’s steadier, duty-based heroism.