Shloka 16

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

सुखंस्वपितिनिश्चिन्तःकालोपहतचेतनः ।।।।नवषट् सप्तचाष्टौचमासान् स्वपितिराक्षसः ।

Transliteration

sukhaṃ svapiti niścintaḥ kālopahatacetanaḥ |

nava ṣaṭ sapta cāṣṭau ca māsān svapiti rākṣasaḥ ||6.60.16||

Translation

ยักษ์ตนนั้นหลับอย่างผาสุก ไร้ความกังวล จิตสำนึกถูกกาลเวลาทำให้มืดมัว เขาหลับยาวถึงหก เจ็ด แปด กระทั่งเก้าเดือนก็ยังหลับต่อไป

Word by Word

• सुखम्: comfortably
• सुखम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (accusative used adverbially)

• स्वपिति: sleeps
• स्वपिति: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्वप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (Present), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd), एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• निश्चिन्तः: carefree
• निश्चिन्तः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निश्चिन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्; विशेषणम्

• कालोपहतचेतनः: whose consciousness is dulled by time
• कालोपहतचेतनः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काल + उपहत + चेतन (प्रातिपदिके; उपहत = कृदन्त from √हन् with उप)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्; समासः (कालेन उपहतं चेतनं यस्य)

• नव: nine
• नव: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नवन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या; अत्र मासान् इति कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्

• षट्: six
• षट्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षष् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या; मासान् इति विशेषणम्

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या; मासान् इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• अष्टौ: eight
• अष्टौ: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अष्टन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Nom/Acc), द्विवचनम्; अत्र संख्या-प्रयोगः, मासान् इति विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• मासान्: months
• मासान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचनम्

• स्वपिति: sleeps
• स्वपिति: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्वप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (Present), प्रथमपुरुषः (3rd), एकवचनम्

• राक्षसः: the rākṣasa
• राक्षसः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative/1st), एकवचनम्

Context

"The Rakshasa, Kumbhakarna, lost consciousness is slumbering at ease and has been sleeping for six to nine months happily."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarna

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse indirectly contrasts negligence/torpor with dharmic vigilance: when consciousness is overpowered, duty cannot be performed.

What is the narrative situation?

The text describes Kumbhakarṇa’s unnatural, prolonged sleep as background to the urgent attempt to awaken him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By implication, wakeful responsibility (jāgarūkatā) is praised—since prolonged sleep symbolizes incapacity to respond to dharma’s call.