Shloka 16

शरणागति

धर्मनिर्णयः (Decision on Refuge and Dharma) / Rama’s Vow of Protection and the Acceptance of Vibhishana

Devanagari script

एवमुक्तस्तुरामेणसुग्रीवस्सहलक्ष्मणः ।उत्थायेदंमहाप्राज्ञःप्रणतोवाक्यमब्रवीत् ।।।।

Transliteration

evam uktas tu rāmeṇa sugrīvaḥ saha-lakṣmaṇaḥ | utthāya idaṃ mahāprājñaḥ praṇato vākyam abravīt ||

Translation

ครั้นพระรามตรัสดังนี้แล้ว สุครีพผู้มีปัญญายิ่ง—พร้อมด้วยพระลักษมณ์—ลุกขึ้น กราบนอบน้อม แล้วกล่าวถ้อยคำนี้

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this way
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; प्रकारवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb of manner)

• उक्तः: (having been) spoken to / addressed
• उक्तः: कर्मणि-प्रयोगे कर्तृपदसम्बन्धः (predicate participle: 'having been addressed')
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) → उक्त (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत्); प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् पुल्लिङ्गः

• तु: but, indeed
• तु: सम्बन्धबोधक-निपातः (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः/समुच्चय-व्यतिरेकसूचकः (particle: but/indeed)

• रामेण: by Rama
• रामेण: करणम् (agent/instrument in passive: 'by Rama')
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गः; तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (instrumental singular)

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: कर्ता (doer of abravīt)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular)

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक/सहयोग (associative accompaniment)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; सहार्थक-अव्ययम् (prepositional adverb: 'together with'); सह + तृतीया

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: सहचरः (associate of Sugriva)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (nominative singular); अर्थतः सह-सम्बन्धे तृतीया अपेक्षा (सह लक्ष्मणेन) — छान्दस/पाठभेदेन प्रथमा

• उत्थाय: having risen / getting up
• उत्थाय: पूर्वकालक्रिया (prior action to speaking)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-स्था (धातु) → उत्थाय (क्त्वान्त/ल्यप् कृदन्त)
• Form: अव्ययकृदन्तः; क्त्वान्तः (ल्यप्) — पूर्वकालिकक्रिया (absolutive/gerund)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (object of abravīt: 'this')
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (accusative singular)

• महाप्राज्ञः: very wise
• महाप्राज्ञः: कर्तृविशेषणम् (attribute of the subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + प्राज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः; पुल्लिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying सुग्रीवः)

• प्रणतः: bowed, saluting
• प्रणतः: कर्तृविशेषणम्/अवस्थावाचकः (state of the subject while speaking)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-नम् (धातु) → प्रणत (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः); प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् पुल्लिङ्गः; कर्तरि-भावः (having bowed)

• वाक्यम्: speech, words
• वाक्यम्: कर्म (object: 'words/speech')
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (accusative singular)

• अब्रवीत्: spoke, said
• अब्रवीत्: क्रिया (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः एकवचनम्

Context

"Rama, you are exceptional in excusing Vibheeshana. Realize that he has been dispatched here by Ravana. I consider befitting for you to captivate him."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in counsel includes respectful conduct: one rises, salutes, and speaks with decorum when addressing a righteous leader.

What is the narrative situation?

After Rāma’s remarks on Vibhīṣaṇa, Sugrīva formally responds in the council assembly.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s disciplined respect and responsible participation in counsel.