Shloka 15

शरणागति

धर्मनिर्णयः (Decision on Refuge and Dharma) / Rama’s Vow of Protection and the Acceptance of Vibhishana

Devanagari script

नसर्वेभ्रातरस्तातभवन्तिभरतोपमाः ।मद्विथावापितुःपुत्रास्सुहृदोनाभवद्विथाः ।।।।

Transliteration

na sarve bhrātaras tāta bhavanti bharatopamāḥ | madvithā vā api tu putrāḥ suhṛdo na bhavadvidhāḥ ||

Translation

ดูก่อนผู้เป็นที่รัก มิใช่พี่น้องทุกคนจะเป็นดุจภรตะ มิใช่บุตรทุกคนจะเป็นดุจเรา และมิใช่มิตรทุกคนจะเป็นดุจท่าน

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्धः (निषेधः / negation of predicate)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम् (negative particle)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: कर्तृ (subject-qualifier of भ्रातरः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (सर्व-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• भ्रातरः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ (भ्रातृ-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• तात: dear (father/son), O dear
• तात: सम्बोधन (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तात (तात-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masc. vocative singular)

• भवन्ति: are / become
• भवन्ति: क्रिया (predicate verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (भू-धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम् (present indicative, 3rd person plural)

• भरतोपमाः: like Bharata
• भरतोपमाः: कर्तृ (predicate adjective of भ्रातरः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भरत + उपम (प्रातिपदिके) (भरत-प्रातिपदिक + उपम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भरतस्य उपमाः = like Bharata); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• मद्विधाः: like me
• मद्विधाः: कर्ता (subject complement with पुत्राः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मद् + विध (प्रातिपदिके) (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक + विध-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (मम विधाः = like me); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• वा: or
• वा: सम्बन्धः (coordination/alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (विकल्प-अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive particle: or)

• पितुः: of (the) father
• पितुः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation: of the father)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (पितृ-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (masc. genitive singular)

• पुत्राः: sons
• पुत्राः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (पुत्र-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• सुहृदः: friends, well-wishers
• सुहृदः: कर्ता (subject; coordinated with पुत्राः via implied वा/and-or sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद् (सुहृद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्धः (निषेधः / negation of predicate)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम् (negative particle)

• भवद्विधाः: like you
• भवद्विधाः: कर्ता (predicate adjective of पुत्राः/सुहृदः with implied 'भवन्ति')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भवत् + विध (प्रातिपदिके) (भवत्-प्रातिपदिक + विध-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भवतः विधाः = like you); पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम् (masc. nominative plural)

Context

When Rama had spoken that way, sagacious Sugriva along with Lakshmana got up and saluted him and spoke these words to Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sugrīva
• Bharata

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Realism in moral judgment: dharma acknowledges that virtue is rare; one must not assume everyone will match exemplary standards.

What is the narrative situation?

While debating whether to trust Vibhīṣaṇa, Rāma reflects that goodness like Bharata’s or loyal friendship like Sugrīva’s is uncommon.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Gratitude and discernment—Rāma honors Bharata and Sugrīva as ideals while maintaining sober judgment about others.