Shloka 20

रावणवधोत्तरं विभीषणशोकः—क्षत्रधर्मोपदेशः

Vibhishana’s Lament after Ravana’s Fall; Instruction on Kshatriya-Dharma

Devanagari script

तदेवंनिश्चयंदृष्टवातत्त्वमास्थायविज्वरः ।यदिहानन्तरंकार्यंकल्प्यंतदनुचिन्तय ।।।।

Transliteration

tad evaṃ niścayaṃ dṛṣṭvā tattvam āsthāya vijvaraḥ |

yad ihānantaraṃ kāryaṃ kalpyaṃ tad anucintaya ||

Translation

ครั้นเห็นความจริงอันแน่นอนดังนี้แล้ว และตั้งมั่นอยู่ในตัตตวะคือธรรม จงปลดเปลื้องตนจากความโศกอันเร่าร้อน บัดนี้จงใคร่ครวญกิจที่ต้องทำต่อไป และจัดเตรียมสิ่งอันสมควรในภายหน้าให้เรียบร้อย

Word by Word

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म) of dṛṣṭvā (object seen)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun

• evam: thus
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb

• niścayam: decision, conclusion
• niścayam: Karma (कर्म) of dṛṣṭvā
• Type: Noun
• Root: niścaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā Ekavacana

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā (क्त्वा) absolutive/gerund; prior action

• tattvam: the truth/principle
• tattvam: Karma (कर्म) of āsthāya
• Type: Noun
• Root: tattva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana

• āsthāya: having adopted
• āsthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Ktvā absolutive (āsthāya); "having resorted to/accepted"

• vijvaraḥ: free from distress
• vijvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (addressed person)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vijvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā Ekavacana; vi- prefix sense: free from fever/grief

• yat: what
• yat: Karma (कर्म) (of anucintaya: 'what to consider')
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā/Dvitīyā Ekavacana; relative pronoun introducing clause

• iha: here
• iha: Deśa-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: Deśa-avyaya (locative adverb/देश)

• anantaram: next, immediately after
• anantaram: Kāla-viśeṣaṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Kālārtha-avyaya (temporal adverb); accusative used adverbially

• kāryam: the task to be done
• kāryam: Karta (कर्ता) (of kalpyam as predicate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (कृदन्त, √kṛ; yat gerundive used as noun)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā Ekavacana; gerundive-noun: "that which is to be done"

• kalpyam: to be arranged/decided
• kalpyam: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kalpya (कृदन्त, √kḷp; yat gerundive)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Prathamā Ekavacana; gerundive: "should be arranged/determined"

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (कर्म) of anucintaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā Ekavacana; resumptive pronoun

• anucintaya: consider, reflect upon
• anucintaya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-√cint (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ (Imperative/लोट्), Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd person/मध्यमपुरुष) Ekavacana; parasmaipada

Context

In principle, in that way, decide the action, freed from grief, considering what action is required."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Vibhīṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as steadiness: accept truth, restrain grief, and proceed to the next rightful action (kārya) without delay.

What is the narrative situation?

After consoling words about war and death, Rāma urges practical, dharmic steps—especially the proper rites and decisions that follow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Pragmatic righteousness: calm discernment and responsible action in crisis.