Shloka 4

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

अर्धयन्रावणंरामोराघवंचापिरावणः ।।।।गतिवेगंसमापन्नौप्रतिवेगप्रवर्तने ।

Transliteration

ardhayan rāvaṇaṃ rāmo rāghavaṃ cāpi rāvaṇaḥ | gativegaṃ samāpannau prativega-pravartane ||

Translation

พระรามทรงกดดันทศกัณฐ์ และทศกัณฐ์ก็โต้กลับโจมตีพระราฆวะ; ในการสวนกลับอันฉับไว ศึกนั้นพุ่งพล่านด้วยความเร็วและพลังเต็มเปี่ยมของอาวุธ

Word by Word

• मातले: O Matali
• मातले: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातलि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति, एकवचन; संबोधन

• पश्य: see
• पश्य: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु) (पश्यति)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम

• समृद्धम्: rushing / fully advanced
• समृद्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक/क्त-भाव)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying रथम्)

• आपतन्तम्: charging forward
• आपतन्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ + पत् (धातु) + शतृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त विशेषण

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्म

• रिपोः: of the enemy
• रिपोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध

• यथा: as
• यथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (comparative/conjunctive: 'as/just as')

• अपसव्यम्: in reverse/leftward
• अपसव्यम्: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपसव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: 'to the left/contrary-wise')

• पतता: by (him) rushing/falling
• पतता: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पत् (धातु) + शतृ (present participle)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; करणभावे (by one falling/charging)

• वेगेन: with speed
• वेगेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण

• महता: great
• महता: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying वेगेन)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-vishesana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; अधिकरण

• हन्तुम्: to kill
• हन्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) + तुमुन्
• Form: तुमुनन्त (infinitive), प्रयोजनार्थ (purpose)

• आत्मानम्: himself
• आत्मानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्म

• तथा: so
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (correlative: 'so/in that way')

• अनेन: by this / because of this
• अनेन: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण/हेतु

• कृता: formed
• कृता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; विशेषण (qualifying मतिः)

• मतिः: thought/idea
• मतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्ता/वाक्यविषय (subject: 'the thought')

Context

Great charioteer of Indra desiring to see Rama's victory in the duel between Dasharatha's son and Rakshasa king, spoke these words.৷৷ ইত্যার্ষেবাল্মীকীযেশ্রীমদ্রামাযণেআদিকাব্যেযুদ্ধকাণ্ডেদশোত্তরশততমস্সর্গ: ৷৷This is the end of one hundred and tenth sarga of Yuddha Kanda of the first epic the holy Ramayana composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma here appears as disciplined kṣātra conduct: even amid fury, the encounter is framed as a regulated contest of skill and response, not lawless violence.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma and Rāvaṇa exchange rapid, forceful attacks, each countering the other with equal speed, intensifying the duel.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (valor) and alertness—both warriors display readiness to answer attack with immediate counteraction.