Shloka 31

रावणस्य सभाप्रवेशः

Ravana Enters the Royal Assembly and Summons Counsel

Devanagari script

नचुक्रुशुर्नानृतमाहकश्चित्सभापदोनापिजजल्पुरुच्चैः ।संसिद्धार्थास्सर्वएवोग्रवीर्याभर्तुस्सर्वेददृशुश्चाननंते ।।।।

Transliteration

na cukruśur nānṛtam āha kaścit sabhāpado nāpi jajalpur uccaiḥ |

saṃsiddhārthāḥ sarva evogravīryā bhartuḥ sarve dadṛśuś cānanaṃ te ||

Translation

เหล่าข้าราชสำนักในสภามิได้โห่ร้อง มิได้กล่าวเท็จ และมิได้เจรจาเสียงดัง ทุกคนล้วนชำนาญกิจและกล้าหาญดุดัน ต่างเพ่งมองพระพักตร์แห่งนายเหนือหัวของตน

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: सम्बन्ध/निषेध (negation of the verbal action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम् (negative particle)

• cukruśuḥ: cried out / made a noise
• cukruśuḥ: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √क्रुश् (धातु) "to cry out"
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, परस्मैपदम्

• na: not
• na: सम्बन्ध/निषेध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम् (negative particle)

• anṛtam: untruth / falsehood
• anṛtam: कर्म (object of speaking)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनृत (प्रातिपदिक) = अ- + ऋत
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (कर्मपदम्)

• āha: said
• āha: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अह्/√ब्रू (धातु) "to say" (आह = लिट्-रूपम्)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्, परस्मैपदम्

• kaścit: anyone / someone (even one person)
• kaścit: कर्ता (subject of āha)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्चित् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (अनिश्चित-प्रयोगः = "someone/anyone")

• sabhāpadaḥ: members of the assembly / courtiers
• sabhāpadaḥ: कर्ता (subject of cukruśuḥ / jajalpuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभापद (प्रातिपदिक) = सभा + पद
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (सभायाः पदाः/सभायां पदं येषाम् इति सभापदाः)

• na: not
• na: सम्बन्ध/निषेध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निषेध-अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्ययम् (negative particle)

• api: even / also
• api: सम्बन्ध (particle modifying the clause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अप्यर्थक-अव्ययम् (also/even)

• jajalpuḥ: spoke / uttered
• jajalpuḥ: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जल्प् (धातु) "to speak"
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, परस्मैपदम्

• uccaiḥ: aloud / loudly
• uccaiḥ: क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उच्चैः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्ययम् (adverb)

• saṃsiddhārthāḥ: having accomplished their purpose / fully resolved
• saṃsiddhārthāḥ: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of sarve/ugravīryāḥ)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संसिद्धार्थ (प्रातिपदिक) = संसिद्ध + अर्थ
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; कर्मधारयः (संसिद्धः अर्थः येषाम्/संसिद्धाः अर्थाः = fully accomplished in purpose)

• sarve: all
• sarve: कर्ता (subject of dadṛśuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्

• eva: indeed / just
• eva: सम्बन्ध (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle)

• ugravīryāḥ: of fierce valor / very heroic
• ugravīryāḥ: कर्ता-विशेषण (qualifier of sarve)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्रवीर्य (प्रातिपदिक) = उग्र + वीर्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; कर्मधारयः (उग्रं वीर्यं येषाम्/उग्रवीर्याः)

• bhartuḥ: of the lord/master
• bhartuḥ: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (possessor/related to)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (सम्बन्धः = genitive)

• sarve: all (of them)
• sarve: कर्ता (subject of dadṛśuḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (पुनरुक्त-प्रयोगः)

• dadṛśuḥ: saw / looked at
• dadṛśuḥ: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु) "to see"
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, परस्मैपदम्

• ca: and
• ca: सम्बन्ध (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• ānanam: face
• ānanam: कर्म (object of seeing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आनन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (कर्मपदम्)

• te: they
• te: कर्ता (coreferential subject: "they")
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (सर्वे इत्यस्य पुनर्निर्देशः)

Context

Some holding maces and iron bars, some holding strong iron clubs in hand, and some others holding battle axes, tridents and other weapons went.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa (implied as bhartṛ/lord)
• sabhā (assembly, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Ethical speech: restraint, truthfulness (satya), and measured words in a public assembly. The verse presents sabhā-dharma—how one ought to speak (or refrain) in a formal council.

What is the narrative situation?

In Rāvaṇa’s court, the assembled members maintain silence and decorum, avoiding falsehood and loud talk, while attentively watching their king.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control (dama) and truth-oriented restraint in speech, paired with competence and valor.