Shloka 1

रावणक्रोधः—रामस्य परुषवाक्यम्

Ravana’s Fury and Rama’s Harsh Admonition

Devanagari script

स तेनतुतदाक्रोधात्काकुत्स्थेनार्दितोरणे ।रावणस्समरश्लाघिमहाक्रोधामुपागमत् ।।।।

Transliteration

sa tena tu tadā krodhāt kākutsthenārdito raṇe |

rāvaṇaḥ samaraślāghī mahākrodham upāgamat ||

Translation

ครั้นแล้ว ราวณะผู้โอ้อวดศึกสงคราม เมื่อถูกกากุตสถะ (พระราม) ผู้กริ้วกราดทำร้ายในสนามรบ ก็เข้าสู่โทสะอันใหญ่หลวง

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• तेन: by him/with him
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), एकवचनम्; सर्वनाम

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/अनुक्रमसूचक

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• क्रोधात्: from anger / out of anger
• क्रोधात्: Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः (Ablative), एकवचनम्

• काकुत्स्थेन: by Kakutstha (Rama)
• काकुत्स्थेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काकुत्स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), एकवचनम्; विशेष-नाम

• आर्दितः: afflicted/harassed
• आर्दितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्द् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्मणि-भावः

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः (Locative), एकवचनम्

• रावणः: Ravana
• रावणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम्; विशेष-नाम

• समरश्लाघी: proud of battle prowess
• समरश्लाघी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक) + श्लाघिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (समरे श्लाघी = battle-proud); पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• महाक्रोधम्: great anger
• महाक्रोधम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद) + क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (महान् क्रोधः); पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम्

• उपागमत्: attained/became
• उपागमत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप + गम् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्

Context

Ravana, who was proud of his skill in warfare, became very angry when he was pained by Kakuthsa's arrows.

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Kakutstha (Rāma)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Pride in violence and reputation (samaraślāghā) easily turns into consuming anger; Dharma requires steadiness and discernment, not reactive fury.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa is struck and hurt by Rāma’s attack in the battle, and his wounded pride erupts as intense anger.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Implicitly, the virtue of humility and composure is contrasted with Rāvaṇa’s boastfulness and rage.