Valmiki Ramayana 2.75.52 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 75, Shloka 52

अयोध्याकाण्डे पञ्चसप्ततितमः सर्गः

Sarga 75: Bharata and Kausalya—Reproach, Oaths, and Reconciliation

Devanagari script

ऋतुस्नातां सतीं भार्यामृतुकालानुरोधिनीम्।अतिवर्तेत दुष्टात्मा यस्यार्योऽनुमते गतः।।।।

Transliteration

ṛtu-snātāṃ satīṃ bhāryām ṛtu-kālānurodhinīm | ativarteta duṣṭātmā yasya āryo 'numate gataḥ ||

Translation

ขอให้เขา—ผู้ซึ่งด้วยการอนุญาตของเขา พี่น้องผู้ประเสริฐของข้าถูกส่งไปเนรเทศ—ต้องรับบาปดุจคนชั่วผู้ละเลยภรรยาผู้สัตย์ซื่อและบริสุทธิ์ แม้นางได้อาบน้ำชำระหลังฤดูของนางแล้ว และใส่ใจต่อกาลอันสมควร

Word by Word

• ऋतुस्नाताम्: (a woman) bathed after menses
• ऋतुस्नाताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतु + स्नात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (ऋतौ स्नाता); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (भāryām)

• सतीम्: chaste/virtuous
• सतीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• भार्याम्: wife
• भार्याम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ऋतुकालानुरोधिनीम्: observing the proper season/period
• ऋतुकालानुरोधिनीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋतु-काल + अनुरोधिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (भāryām)

• अतिवर्तेत: may transgress/neglect
• अतिवर्तेत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अति-वृत् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• दुष्टात्मा: wicked-minded person
• दुष्टात्मा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुष्ट + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• यस्य: whose
• यस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आर्यः: the noble one
• आर्यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अनुमते: with consent
• अनुमते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुमति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• गतः: has gone/was exiled
• गतः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Context

May the one who counselled the exile of my esteemed brother acquire the sin in the same way as a wicked-minded person who neglects his chaste wife observing the menstrual period unfavourable for conception and had bathed after menstruation acquires!

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Rama (ārya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes fidelity and responsibility within household life; neglect of a virtuous spouse (especially when she follows prescribed propriety) is treated as a serious moral failure.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata uses a domestic ethical analogy to express the gravity of approving Rama’s exile, equating it with a shameful breach of intimate duty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bharata’s reverence for righteous order in all spheres—public justice and private duty alike.