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Valmiki Ramayana 2.74.23 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 23

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

शान्तं पापं न वः किञ्चित्कुतश्चिदमराधिपः।अहं मग्नौ तु शोचामि स्वपुत्रौ विषमे स्थितौ।।।।एतौ दृष्ट्वा कृशौ दीनौ सूर्यरश्मिप्रतापितौ।बाध्यमानौ बलीवर्धौ कर्षकेण सुराधिप।।।।

Transliteration

śāntaṁ pāpaṁ na vaḥ kiñcit kutaścid amarādhipaḥ | ahaṁ magnau tu śocāmi svaputrau viṣame sthitau ||

ētau dṛṣṭvā kṛśau dīnau sūryaraśmipratāpitau | bādhyamānau balīvardhau karṣakeṇa surādhipa ||

Translation

ขออย่าให้มีเคราะห์ร้ายเลย โอ้พระผู้เป็นใหญ่แห่งอมตะ ท่านมิได้ประสบภัยจากทิศใดเลย; แต่ข้าพเจ้ากลับจมอยู่ในความโศก เพราะบุตรทั้งสองของข้าพเจ้าตกอยู่ในภาวะลำบาก ครั้นเห็นเขาทั้งสองผอมแห้ง น่าเวทนา ถูกแผดเผาด้วยรัศมีสุริยะ และเห็นโคผู้เป็นดั่งพญาวัวทั้งสองถูกชาวไถนาตี โอ้จอมเทพ ข้าพเจ้าก็ท่วมท้นด้วยความทุกข์

Word by Word
शान्तम्heaven forbid!/may it be averted
शान्तम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Interjection)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशान्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √शम्)
Formअव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (benedictive interjection: ‘may it be averted!’)
पापम्evil/calamity
पापम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of implied ‘be’)
TypeNoun
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘evil/calamity’ (with शान्तम् as idiom)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निषेध-निपात
वःfor you
वः:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Dative)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), बहुवचन; ‘to you/for you’ (honorific plural)
किञ्चित्anything
किञ्चित्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject of ‘vidyate’ implied)
TypeNoun
Rootकिञ्चित् (सर्वनाम/अव्ययप्राय)
Formअनिश्चित-सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here with न ... ‘anything’
कुतश्चित्from anywhere
कुतश्चित्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतश्चित् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अव्यय-प्रयोग (indefinite adverb)
अमराधिपO lord of the immortals
अमराधिप:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootअमर-अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अमराणाम् अधिपः)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, प्रथमा, एकवचन
मग्नौimmersed/sunk
मग्नौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootमग्न (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √मज्ज्)
Formभूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying स्वपुत्रौ)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात
शोचामिI grieve
शोचामि:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√शुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद
स्वपुत्रौmy own two sons
स्वपुत्रौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; समासः कर्मधारयः (स्वौ पुत्रौ)
विषमेin trouble
विषमे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootविषम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in difficulty/uneven place’
स्थितौsituated/left
स्थितौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √स्था)
Formभूतकृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying स्वपुत्रौ)
एतौthese two
एतौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Root√दृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive), अव्ययवत्
कृशौemaciated
कृशौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifying एतौ/बलीवर्धौ)
दीनौmiserable
दीनौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; विशेषणम्
सूर्यरश्मिप्रतापितौscorched by the sun’s rays
सूर्यरश्मिप्रतापितौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootसूर्य-रश्मि-प्रतापित (प्रातिपदिक; प्रतापित = कृदन्त from √तप् with प्रति-)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (सूर्यस्य रश्मिभिः प्रतापितौ); विशेषणम्
बाध्यमानौbeing beaten/tormented
बाध्यमानौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-qualifier)
TypeVerb
Root√बाध् (धातु)
Formशानच्-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन; ‘being beaten/harassed’
बलीवर्धौtwo bulls/oxen
बलीवर्धौ:
Karma (कर्म/Object-apposition to एतौ)
TypeNoun
Rootबलीवर्द (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, द्विवचन
कर्षकेणby a ploughman
कर्षकेण:
Karana (करण/Agent-instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्षक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन
सुराधिपO lord of the gods
सुराधिप:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootसुर-अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (सुराणाम् अधिपः)
Context

'God forbid, O Indra, lord of the Immortals! no calamity has befallen you from any quarter. Only I am in trouble. I am weeping for these pair of bulls, my own sons who are in difficulty. When I see them scorched by the rays of the Sun, miserable, emaciated and weeping, beaten by a ploughman, I am immersed in grief'.

Characters & Entities
S
Surabhi
K
Kāmadhenu
I
Indra
S
Sun (Sūrya)

FAQs

Dharma includes compassion toward the vulnerable and restraint from cruelty; the suffering of beings under harsh labor is presented as morally troubling and worthy of divine attention.

Surabhi explains to Indra that her grief is not due to any threat to the gods, but due to seeing her two bull-sons abused and exhausted in the heat.

Maternal compassion and truthfulness: Surabhi speaks plainly about suffering and the natural bond of care for one’s offspring.

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