Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 73, Shloka 10

भरतस्य कैकेय्याः प्रति धिक्कारः

Bharata’s Rebuke of Kaikeyi and Affirmation of Ikshvaku Royal Dharma

Devanagari script

तथा ज्येष्ठा हि मे माता कौसल्या दीर्घदर्शिनी।त्वयि धर्मं समास्थाय भगिन्यामिव वर्तते।।।।

Transliteration

tathā jyeṣṭhā hi me mātā kausalyā dīrgha-darśinī | tvayi dharmaṃ samāsthāya bhaginyām iva vartate || 2.73.10 ||

Translation

ฉันนั้นแล มารดาผู้ใหญ่ของข้าพเจ้า คือพระนางเกาสัลยา ผู้มีวิสัยทัศน์ยาวไกล ตั้งมั่นในธรรม ย่อมประพฤติต่อท่านดุจพี่น้องสตรีของตนเอง

Word by Word

• तस्याः: of her
• तस्याः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• पुत्रम्: son
• पुत्रम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• कृतात्मानम्: self-controlled/pure-minded
• कृतात्मानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृतात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि (कृतः आत्मा/मनः यस्य)

• चीरवल्कलवाससम्: wearing bark-cloth garments
• चीरवल्कलवाससम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चीर + वल्कल + वासस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (चीरं वल्कलं च वासः यस्य / चीर-वल्कल-वासः)

• प्रस्थाप्य: having sent
• प्रस्थाप्य: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-स्था (धातु) / प्रस्थापय् (णिजन्त)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), causative sense ‘having sent forth’

• वनवासाय: for forest-dwelling
• वनवासाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनवास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (वने वासः)

• कथम्: how
• कथम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय (how)

• पापे: O sinful one
• पापे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (addressing a woman), सम्बोधन, एकवचन; निन्दार्थ-सम्बोधन

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• शोचसि: do you grieve/repent
• शोचसि: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्

Context

In the same way my eldest mother the farsighted Kausalya, too adhered to righteousness and conducted herself towards you like a sister.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Kausalyā
• Kaikeyī
• Dharma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as restraint and benevolence: Kausalyā maintains righteous conduct and sisterly regard even toward one connected with her suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

Bharata, condemning the injustice done to Rāma, contrasts it with Kausalyā’s dignified, dharmic behavior toward Kaikeyī.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Kausalyā’s kṣamā (forbearance) and dharma-niṣṭhā (steadfastness in righteousness).