Valmiki Ramayana 2.58.35 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 58, Shloka 35

अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 58)

Daśaratha Questions Sumantra; Messages from the Forest Threshold

Devanagari script

अदृष्टपूर्वव्यसना राज्यपुत्री यशस्विनी।तेन दुःखेन रुदती नैव मां किञ्चिदब्रवीत्।।।।

Transliteration

adṛṣṭapūrvavyasanā rājyaputrī yaśasvinī |

tena duḥkhena rudatī naiva māṃ kiñcid abravīt ||

Translation

พระราชธิดาผู้มีเกียรติยศนั้น ซึ่งไม่เคยประสบทุกข์ภัยมาก่อน ร่ำไห้ด้วยความโศกนั้น และมิอาจกล่าวถ้อยคำใดแก่ข้าพเจ้าได้เลย

Word by Word

• अदृष्टपूर्वव्यसना: one who had never before seen adversity
• अदृष्टपूर्वव्यसना: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदृष्ट + पूर्व + व्यसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुष-समासः (अदृष्टं पूर्वं व्यसनं यस्याः)

• राज्यपुत्री: the princess
• राज्यपुत्री: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य + पुत्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (राज्ञः/राज्यस्य पुत्री)

• यशस्विनी: renowned
• यशस्विनी: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यशस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्

• तेन: by that
• तेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (instr sg); 'by that'

• दुःखेन: with sorrow
• दुःखेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (instr sg)

• रुदती: weeping
• रुदती: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रुद् (धातु) → रुदत् (शतृ-कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्तं वर्तमानकृदन्तम्; स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; कर्तृविशेषणम्

• न: not
• न: Negation (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपातः (negation)

• एव: at all
• एव: Emphasis (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; अवधारण-निपातः; 'न एव' = 'not at all'

• माम्: to me
• माम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (acc sg)

• किञ्चित्: anything / even a little
• किञ्चित्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; अव्ययवत् अल्पार्थे (anything, even a little)

• अब्रवीत्: said
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्

Context

Seeing the dejected charioteer standing before him, the desolate king covered all over with dust and his face bathed in tears, said to him in extreme grief:

Characters & Entities

• Sita
• Sumantra
• Dasharatha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse underscores how dharma-driven events can bring suffering even to the virtuous; it invites compassion as an ethical response.

What is the narrative situation?

Sumantra recounts Sita’s overwhelming grief during the departure, rendering her speechless.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sita’s sincerity and emotional truth—her love is so deep it surpasses words.